ArticleDiabetes care2013
Association of glycation gap with mortality and vascular complications in diabetes.
Article in Diabetes care, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hemoglobin glycation index, calculated from a single fasting glucose value, as a prediction tool for severe hypoglycemia and major adverse cardiovascular events in DEVOTE.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2021Trial
- Implications of the Hemoglobin Glycation Index on the Diagnosis of Prediabetes and Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Trial
- The hemoglobin glycation index identifies subpopulations with harms or benefits from intensive treatment in the ACCORD trial.Diabetes care · 2015Trial
- Association of hemoglobin glycation index with all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with atrial fibrillation: a retrospective analysis from MIMIC-IV.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Observational
- The relationship between hemoglobin glycation index and the risk of cardiovascular disease in populations with diabetes or prediabetes: a population-based cohort study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Hemoglobin glycation index among adults with type 1 diabetes: Association with double diabetes features.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Association between glycation gap and impaired cardiorespiratory fitness: evidence from American adults.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Deciphering the Association: Critical HDL-C Levels and Their Impact on the Glycation Gap in People Living with HIV.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- The Correlation Between Glycation Gap and Renal Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Association of glycemic gap with stroke recurrence in patients with ischemic stroke.Journal of diabetes · 2023Article
- Interindividual variability in average glucose-glycated haemoglobin relationship in type 1 diabetes and implications for clinical practice.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Article
- HbA1c Is Disproportionately Higher in Women and Older People With Type 1 Diabetes Compared With Flash Glucose Monitoring Metrics of Glycemic Control.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2022Article
- Biomarkers for Progression in Diabetic Retinopathy: Expanding Personalized Medicine through Integration of AI with Electronic Health Records.Seminars in ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Role of adjunctive therapy with subantimicrobial doses of doxycycline in glycemic control (HbA1c) in patients with diabetes and endo-periodontal lesions to prevent sinus complications.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- The trials and tribulations of determining HbANature reviews. Endocrinology · 2020Review
- Impacts of glycemic variability on the relationship between glucose management indicator from iProTherapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Article
- Update on biomarkers of glycemic control.World journal of diabetes · 2019Review
- Hemoglobin Glycation Index Is Associated With Cardiovascular Diseases in People With Impaired Glucose Metabolism.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe "glycation gap" (G-gap), an essentially unproven concept, is an empiric measure of disagreement between HbA1c and fructosamine, the two indirect estimates of glycemic control. Its association with demographic features and key clinical outcomes in individuals with diabetes is uncertain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThe G-gap was calculated as the difference between measured HbA1c and a fructosamine-derived standardized predicted HbA1c in 3,182 individuals with diabetes. The G-gap's associations with demographics and clinical outcomes (retinopathy, nephropathy, macrovascular disease, and mortality) were determined.
resultsDemographics varied significantly with G-gap for age, sex, ethnic status, smoking status, type and duration of diabetes, insulin use, and obesity. A positive G-gap was associated with retinopathy (odds ratio 1.24 [95% CI 1.01-1.52], P=0.039), nephropathy (1.55 [1.23-1.95], P<0.001), and, in a subset, macrovascular disease (1.91 [1.18-3.09], P=0.008). In Cox regression analysis, the G-gap had a "U"-shaped quadratic relationship with mortality, with both negative G-gap (1.96 [1.50-2.55], P<0.001) and positive G-gap (2.02 [1.57-2.60], P<0.001) being associated with a significantly higher mortality.
conclusionsWe confirm published associations of G-gap with retinopathy and nephropathy. We newly demonstrate a relationship with macrovascular and mortality outcomes and potential links to distinct subpopulations of diabetes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.