Trial reportDiabetes care2013
The long-term effects of type 1 diabetes treatment and complications on health-related quality of life: a 23-year follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications cohort.
Trial report in Diabetes care, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effect of parental involvement intervention on quality of life and health outcomes among children and adolescents with chronic illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Insulin and glucose-lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Glucose targets for preventing diabetic kidney disease and its progression.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Impact of the initiation of isCGM soon after type 1 diabetes mellitus diagnosis in adults on glycemic indices and fear of hypoglycemia: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Trial
- Characteristics of adults with type 1 diabetes and treatment-resistant problematic hypoglycaemia: a baseline analysis from the HARPdoc RCT.Diabetologia · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Trial
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- Hand and shoulder diagnoses are associated with substantial bodily pain compared to vascular complications and long-term glycaemic control in people with long-term type 1 diabetes.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2026Observational
- Regenerative macrophages enhance stem cell-derived β cell function and engraftment.Science advances · 2026Article
- NAMPT activity plays a key role in driving autoimmune processes that mediate beta-cell death and type 1 diabetes development in mice.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Stress and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: The Mediating Role of Perceived Support and Treatment Adherence.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Observational
- Retrospective analysis of impact of automated insulin delivery technology on acute care utilisation from 2019 to 2021.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2025Observational
- Unraveling Type 1 Diabetes: Integrating Microbiome, Metabolomics, and Immunomodulation for Next-Generation Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Dynamics and determinants of long-term quality of life in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: real-world evidence from China.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- How-I-do-it: a novel technique of portal vein-right gastroepiploic vein side-to-side anastomosis to improve gastric venous congestion following total pancreatectomy: a retrospective cohort study and literature review (with video).Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2025Review
- The Relationship Between Health Parameters, Body Size, Elements of Lifestyle, and Hand Grip Strength in a Group of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes, Aged 40-98, from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Associations between diabetes-related genetic risk scores and residual beta cell function in type 1 diabetes: the GUTDM1 study.Diabetologia · 2024Article
- Residual β-Cell Function Is Associated With Longer Time in Range in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2024Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the long-term effects of type 1 diabetes treatment, metabolic control, and complications on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsA total of 1,441 participants, initially 13-39 years of age, were followed for an average of 23.5 years as part of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) follow-up study. The Diabetes Quality-of-Life questionnaire (DQOL) was administered annually during DCCT and every other year during EDIC. Biomedical data, including HbA1c levels, exposure to severe hypoglycemia, intercurrent psychiatric events, and development of diabetes complications were collected at regular intervals throughout the follow-up.
resultsMean total DQOL scores were not significantly different between the former DCCT intensive and conventional treatment groups (DCCT baseline, 78±8 vs. 78±9; EDIC year 17, 75±11 vs. 74±11). Over the course of the study, a drop of ≥5 points in DQOL score from DCCT baseline maintained on two successive visits occurred in 755 individuals and was associated with increased HbA1c, albumin excretion rate, mean blood pressure, BMI, and occurrence of hypoglycemic events requiring assistance. Lower DQOL scores after 23.5 years of follow-up were associated with prior development of retinopathy (P=0.0196), nephropathy (P=0.0019), and neuropathy (P<0.0001) as well as self-reported chest pain (P=0.0004), decreased vision in both eyes (P=0.0005), painful paresthesias (P<0.0001), recurrent urinary incontinence (P=0.0001), erectile dysfunction (P<0.0001), and history of psychiatric events (P<0.0001).
conclusionsAmong DCCT/EDIC participants, worsening metabolic control, serious diabetes complications and their associated symptoms, and development of psychiatric conditions led to decreased HRQOL.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.