ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2013
Type 2 diabetes mellitus--an autoimmune disease?
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association of Diabetes with Meningitis Infection Risks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Global health, epidemiology and genomics · 2022Pooled it
- Type 2 Diabetes: How Much of an Autoimmune Disease?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers in Non-Obese Lebanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Peripheral Immune Reprogramming Characterizes a Low C-Peptide Subgroup of Type 2 Diabetes: Transcriptomic Profiling of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Systemic Inflammation.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Dendritic Cells: Origin, Classification, Development, Biological Functions, and Therapeutic Potential.MedComm · 2025Review
- Proinflammatory Stress Activates Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2-Based Generation of a Ceramide-Enriched β-Cell EV Subpopulation.Diabetes · 2025Article
- MicroRNAs in diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Emerging role of adaptive immunity in diabetes-induced cognitive impairment: from the periphery to the brain.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- The Role of Wnt3a/β-Catenin/TCF7L2 Pathway in Diabetes and Cardiorenal Complications.Cardiorenal medicine · 2025Review
- Risk factors for urosepsis following ureteroscopic lithotripsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Review
- Article
- Paeoniflorin: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicity in diabetes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Thyroid Function, Diabetes, and Common Age-Related Eye Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2024Article
- Genetic interactions and pleiotropy in metabolic diseases: Insights from a comprehensive GWAS analysis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Associations between type 1 diabetes and autoimmune skin diseases: Mendelian randomization analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- HOMA-IR and the Matsuda Index as predictors of progression to type 1 diabetes in autoantibody-positive relatives.Diabetologia · 2024Article
- Progress and application of adipose-derived stem cells in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Review
- Screening type 2 Diabetes mellitus among Indians using inflammatory biomarkers.Bioinformation · 2024Article
- The TRIM21-FOXD1-BCL-2 axis underlies hyperglycaemic cell death and diabetic tissue damage.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammation-induced inhibition of the insulin signalling pathway can lead to insulin resistance and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with a chronic but subclinical inflammatory process that impairs insulin action in most tissues and could also hamper pancreatic β-cell function. The involvement of monocytic cells and the profiles of the chemokines and cytokines induced by this inflammation suggest an innate immune response. However, emerging data indicate that elements of the adaptive immune system could also be involved. As activation of an adaptive response requires antigen specificity, some researchers have hypothesized that T2DM evolves from an innate immune response to an autoimmune condition. In this Perspectives article, we present the arguments for and against this hypothesis and discuss which mechanisms could be involved in a putative switch from innate immunity to autoimmunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
23835371What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.