ArticleDiabetes2013
Interferon regulatory factor 4 regulates obesity-induced inflammation through regulation of adipose tissue macrophage polarization.
Article in Diabetes, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- An atlas of genome-wide gene expression and metabolite associations and possible mediation effects towards body mass index.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Interferon regulatory factor 4 as a context-dependent regulator of inflammation: transcriptional and epigenetic control, skin diseases, and translational challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Sex-Specific Differences in Adipose IRF5 Expression and Its Association with Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Macrophage Signaling Pathways in Health and Disease: From Bench to Bedside Applications.MedComm · 2025Review
- Artesunate Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia by Promoting IRF4 Associated Macrophage Polarization.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- CAMKIIδ Reinforces Lipid Metabolism and Promotes the Development of B Cell Lymphoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- STAT signaling pathways in immune cells and their associated mechanisms in cancer pathogenesis.BioImpacts : BI · 2025Review
- Macrophage polarization: molecular mechanisms, disease implications, and targeted therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The role of interferon regulatory factors in atherosclerosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- The multiple roles of interferon regulatory factor family in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Transcriptional control of metabolism by interferon regulatory factors.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Revisiting the Immunometabolic Basis for the Metabolic Syndrome from an Immunonutritional View.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- The Role of Interferon Regulatory Factors in Liver Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 5 protects against intimal hyperplasia by regulation of macrophage polarization via directly targeting PPARγ.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024Article
- The role of immunity in insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Metabolic crosstalk between skeletal muscle cells and liver through IRF4-FSTL1 in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Investigating the change in gene expression profile of blood mononuclear cells post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in Chinese obese patients.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Multifaceted roles and regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing proteins.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play functionally diverse roles in the transcriptional regulation of the immune system. We have previously shown that several IRFs are regulators of adipogenesis and that IRF4 is a critical transcriptional regulator of adipocyte lipid handling. However, the functional role of IRF4 in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) remains unclear, despite high expression there. Here we show that IRF4 expression is regulated in primary macrophages and in ATMs of high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Irf4(-/-) macrophages produce higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, in response to fatty acids. In coculture experiments, IRF4 deletion in macrophages leads to reduced insulin signaling and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. To determine the macrophage-specific function of IRF4 in the context of obesity, we generated myeloid cell-specific IRF4 knockout mice, which develop significant insulin resistance on a high-fat diet, despite no difference in adiposity. This phenotype is associated with increased expression of inflammatory genes and decreased insulin signaling in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver. Furthermore, Irf4(-/-) ATMs express markers suggestive of enhanced M1 polarization. These findings indicate that IRF4 is a negative regulator of inflammation in diet-induced obesity, in part through regulation of macrophage polarization.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.