ArticleDiabetes2013
Patterns of β-cell autoantibody appearance and genetic associations during the first years of life.
Article in Diabetes, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers.
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Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 201 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of High-Dose Oral Insulin in Children With Stage 1 Type 1 Diabetes: The Fr1da Insulin Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial.Diabetes care · 2026Trial
- Oral insulin immunotherapy in children at risk for type 1 diabetes in a randomised controlled trial.Diabetologia · 2021Trial
- Association between family history, early growth and the risk of beta cell autoimmunity in children at risk for type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2021Trial
- Identification of infants with increased type 1 diabetes genetic risk for enrollment into Primary Prevention Trials-GPPAD-02 study design and first results.Pediatric diabetes · 2019Trial
- Dietary vitamin C intake and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study.European journal of nutrition · 2026Observational
- International consensus guidance for general population screening for islet autoantibodies to diagnose early-stage type 1 diabetes: a nominal group technique process.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Serum-derived microribonucleic acids as potential novel biomarkers for slowly progressive type 1 diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Predictive Autoantibodies Before the Diagnosis of Type I Diabetes in Adults.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Differential Contributions of IgM and IgG Autoantibodies to Serologic IA2 Reactivity in Type 1 Diabetes.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Early-life immunological and microbial differences between East African and North European children.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Family history of type 2 diabetes delays development of type 1 diabetes in TEDDY children with islet autoimmunity.Diabetologia · 2026Observational
- Evolving epigenomics of immune cells at single-nucleus resolution in children en route to type 1 diabetes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity between insulin and proinsulin in the potency for insulin autoantibodies in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- (TCRαβCells · 2025Review
- Article
- Unraveling Type 1 Diabetes: Integrating Microbiome, Metabolomics, and Immunomodulation for Next-Generation Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Emerging Biomarkers and Nanobiosensing Strategies in Diabetes.Biosensors · 2025Review
- Type 1 diabetes risk factors, risk prediction and presymptomatic detection: Evidence and guidance for screening.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- The pathophysiology, presentation and classification of Type 1 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Protocol for a feasibility and acceptability study for UK general population paediatric type 1 diabetes screening-the EarLy Surveillance for Autoimmune diabetes (ELSA) study.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2025Article
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We analyzed demographic and genetic differences between children with various diabetes-associated autoantibodies reflecting the autoimmune process. In a prospective birth cohort comprising children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D), the pattern of autoantibody appearance was analyzed in 520 children with advanced β-cell autoimmunity associated with high risk for disease. In 315 cases, a single biochemical autoantibody could be identified in the first positive sample as insulin (insulin autoantibody [IAA]) in 180, as GAD (GAD antibody [GADA]) in 107, and as IA-2 antigen (IA-2 antibody [IA-2A]) in 28. The age at seroconversion differed significantly between the three groups (P = 0.003). IAA as the first autoantibody showed a peak time of appearance during the second year of life, whereas GADA as the first autoantibody peaked later, between 3 and 5 years of age. The risk-associated insulin gene rs689 A/A genotypes were more frequent in children with IAA as the first autoantibody compared with the other children (P = 0.002). The primary autoantigen in the development of β-cell autoimmunity and T1D seems to strongly correlate with age and genetic factors, indicating heterogeneity in the initiation of the disease process.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.