ArticleRetrovirology2013
Evidence for biphasic uncoating during HIV-1 infection from a novel imaging assay.
Article in Retrovirology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recurrent and novel evolutionary pathways drive in vitro HIV-1 lenacapavir resistance with diverse phenotypic consequences.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Clicking viruses-with chemistry toward mechanisms in infection.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Cyclophilin A facilitates HIV-1 integration.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- May I Help You with Your Coat? HIV-1 Capsid Uncoating and Reverse Transcription.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- HIV-1 Capsid Uncoating Is a Multistep Process That Proceeds through Defect Formation Followed by Disassembly of the Capsid Lattice.ACS nano · 2024Article
- HIV-1 capsid and viral DNA integration.mBio · 2024Review
- Infectious Virus Tracking by Fluorescent Live Cell Imaging in Primary Cells.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Capsid-host interactions for HIV-1 ingress.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2023Review
- Multidisciplinary studies with mutated HIV-1 capsid proteins reveal structural mechanisms of lattice stabilization.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Article
- Disassembling the Nature of Capsid: Biochemical, Genetic, and Imaging Approaches to Assess HIV-1 Capsid Functions.Viruses · 2021Review
- HIV-1 capsid variability: viral exploitation and evasion of capsid-binding molecules.Retrovirology · 2021Review
- Article
- HIV-1 capsid exploitation of the host microtubule cytoskeleton during early infection.Retrovirology · 2021Review
- HIV-1 uncoating by release of viral cDNA from capsid-like structures in the nucleus of infected cells.eLife · 2021Article
- Article
- HIV-1 cores retain their integrity until minutes before uncoating in the nucleus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Review
- Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUncoating of the HIV-1 core plays a critical role during early post-fusion stages of infection but is poorly understood. Microscopy-based assays are unable to easily distinguish between intact and partially uncoated viral cores.
resultsIn this study, we used 5-ethynyl uridine (EU) to label viral-associated RNA during HIV production. At early time points after infection with EU-labeled virions, the viral-associated RNA was stained with an EU-specific dye and was detected by confocal microscopy together with viral proteins. We observed that detection of the viral-associated RNA was specific for EU-labeled virions, was detected only after viral fusion with target cells, and occurred after an initial opening of the core. In vitro staining of cores showed that the opening of the core allowed the small molecule dye, but not RNase A or antibodies, inside. Also, staining of the viral-associated RNA, which is co-localized with nucleocapsid, decays over time after viral infection. The decay rate of RNA staining is dependent on capsid (CA) stability, which was altered by CA mutations or a small molecule inducer of HIV-1 uncoating. While the staining of EU-labeled RNA was not affected by inhibition of reverse transcription, the kinetics of core opening of different CA mutants correlated with initiation of reverse transcription. Analysis of the E45A CA mutant suggests that initial core opening is independent of complete capsid disassembly.
conclusionsTaken together, our results establish a novel RNA accessibility-based assay that detects an early event in HIV-1 uncoating and can be used to further define this process.
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