Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23834881›Full record

SynthesisThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2013

Reducing antibiotic prescribing for children with respiratory tract infections in primary care: a systematic review.

Talley A Vodicka, Matthew Thompson, Patricia Lucas, Carl Heneghan, Peter S Blair, David I Buckley, Niamh Redmond, Alastair D Hay, TARGET Programme team

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
59citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

59 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  2. Effectiveness of safety-netting approaches for acutely ill children: a network meta-analysis.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025
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  14. The Effect of Expert Feedback on Antibiotic Prescribing in Pediatrics: Experimental Evidence.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2019
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Talley A VodickaDepartment of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford.
Matthew Thompson
Patricia Lucas
Carl Heneghan
Peter S Blair
David I Buckley
Niamh Redmond
Alastair D Hay
TARGET Programme team

Funding

Oregon Clinical and Translational Research InstituteUL1TR000128 · NCATS · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI ELLISON, DAVID H · 2012 to 2015
$28.7M
Department of Health RP-PG-0608-10018NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000128
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRespiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children are common and often result in antibiotic prescription despite their typically self-limiting course.

aimTo assess the effectiveness of primary care based interventions to reduce antibiotic prescribing for children with RTIs. DESIGN AND

settingSystematic review.

methodMEDLINE(®), Embase, CINAHL(®), PsycINFO, and the Cochrane library were searched for randomised, cluster randomised, and non-randomised studies testing educational and/or behavioural interventions to change antibiotic prescribing for children (<18 years) with RTIs. Main outcomes included change in proportion of total antibiotic prescribing or change in 'appropriate' prescribing for RTIs. Narrative analysis of included studies was used to identify components of effective interventions.

resultsOf 6301 references identified through database searching, 17 studies were included. Interventions that combined parent education with clinician behaviour change decreased antibiotic prescribing rates by between 6-21%; structuring the parent-clinician interaction during the consultation may further increase the effectiveness of these interventions. Automatic computerised prescribing prompts increased prescribing appropriateness, while passive information, in the form of waiting room educational materials, yielded no benefit.

conclusionConflicting evidence from the included studies found that interventions directed towards parents and/or clinicians can reduce rates of antibiotic prescribing. The most effective interventions target both parents and clinicians during consultations, provide automatic prescribing prompts, and promote clinician leadership in the intervention design.

Indexed as

Family PracticeParentsPractice Patterns, Physicians'Primary Health CareAnti-Bacterial AgentsChildChild, PreschoolDrug PrescriptionsDrug Resistance, MicrobialFemaleHumansInfantMalePolicy MakingRespiratory Tract InfectionsAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID23834881
PMCPMC3693801

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.