ArticleEuropean cells & materials2013
Intra-cellular Staphylococcus aureus alone causes infection in vivo.
Article in European cells & materials, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Conserved and context-dependent changes in pathogen and host cell gene expression during Staphylococcus aureus intracellular infection.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Fighting the invader: strategies against intracellular bacteria.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Cytokine-mediated inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus adherence and invasion into nonphagocytic cells.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2025Article
- Implant-DerivedAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Antibacterial Activity of Zinc-Doped Hydroxyapatite and Vancomycin-Loaded Gelatin Nanoparticles against IntracellularACS applied nano materials · 2024Article
- Clinical and in vitro models identify distinct adaptations enhancing Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis in human macrophages.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Microbiologic diagnosis of implant-associated infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Global Transcriptomic Study of Circular-RNA Expression Profile in Osteoclasts Infected by IntracellularInfection and immunity · 2023Article
- Evaluation of silver bio-functionality in a multicellularFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Role of Animal Models to Advance Research of Bacterial Osteomyelitis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Review
- Article
- A Human Osteocyte Cell Line Model for StudyingFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Identification and Characterization of Staphylococcus delphini Internalization Pathway in Nonprofessional Phagocytic Cells.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- Is intracellularBone & joint research · 2020Article
- Article
- Impact of Bacterial Infections on Osteogenesis: Evidence From In Vivo Studies.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2019Review
- Silver nanoparticles present high intracellular and extracellular killing against Staphylococcus aureus.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2019Article
- Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining "biofilm", "acute vs. chronic osteomyelitis", "the immune proteome" and "local antibiotic therapy".Bone research · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic and recurrent bone infections occur frequently but have not been explained. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is often found among chronic and recurrent infections and may be responsible for such infections. One possible reason is that S. aureus can internalize and survive within host cells and by doing so, S. aureus can evade both host defense mechanisms and most conventional antibiotic treatments. In this study, we hypothesized that intra-cellular S. aureus could induce infections in vivo. Osteoblasts were infected with S. aureus and, after eliminating extra-cellular S. aureus, inoculated into an open fracture rat model. Bacterial cultures and radiographic observations at post-operative day 21 confirmed local bone infections in animals inoculated with intra-cellular S. aureus within osteoblasts alone. We present direct in vivo evidence that intra-cellular S. aureus could be sufficient to induce bone infection in animals; we found that intra-cellular S. aureus inoculation of as low as 102 colony forming units could induce severe bone infections. Our data may suggest that intra-cellular S. aureus can "hide" in host cells during symptom-free periods and, under certain conditions, they may escape and lead to infection recurrence. Intra-cellular S. aureus therefore could play an important role in the pathogenesis of S. aureus infections, especially those chronic and recurrent infections in which disease episodes may be separated by weeks, months, or even years.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.