ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology2013
Studies of mucus in mouse stomach, small intestine, and colon. I. Gastrointestinal mucus layers have different properties depending on location as well as over the Peyer's patches.
Article in American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04557215 (Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Rifaximin in Combination With N-acetylcysteine), which is not on this map. Cited by 218 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Rifaximin in Combination With N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in Adult Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea
Who cites it
218 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 369 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Alcohol on the Intestinal Immune System.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Systemic and mucosal immune responses following oral adenoviral delivery of influenza vaccine to the human intestine by radio controlled capsule.Scientific reports · 2016Trial
- Article
- Strategies for modelling the intestinal mucus interface: Focus on drug transport and host-microbiota interactions.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Review
- OmpW-mediated sensing of MUC2 GalNAc contributes to the ileal tropism of Salmonella Typhi.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Spatial distribution: Effect of oxygen availability on gut microbiota adhesion and colonization.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2026Article
- Article
- Modular design for drug delivery across hierarchical gastrointestinal barriers: From materials to systems.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Goblet of fire: how Chlamydia ignites region-specific colitis by hijacking goblet cells.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Novel Perspectives on the Relationship Between the Gastrointestinal Mucus Barrier and Soybean Agglutinin.Cells · 2026Review
- Paneth cells as orchestrators of epithelial barrier defense and emerging therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease.Seminars in immunopathology · 2026Review
- How Does Biological Sex Impact Mucosal Bacterial Infection? Mucosal Defenses and Bacterial Detection.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- A Developmental Perspective on the Intestinal Microbiota in Crohn's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Silk-based biomimetic nanocomposite for precision eradication of Helicobacter pylori and gut microbiome preservation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- The Analysis of Transcriptomes and Microorganisms Reveals Differences Between the Intestinal Segments of New Zealand Rabbits.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Intestinal toxicity of functionalized polystyrene nanoplastics in NOD2 models of Crohn's disease susceptibility.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Coordinated regulation of colonic fluid and mucus secretion.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Gut barrier-microbiota crosstalk in sepsis: from pathogenesis to potential therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Homeostatic pockets of interferon lambda-stimulated gene production in the intestine are associated with localized exposure to bacterial microbiota.Gut microbes · 2025Article
158 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Colon has been shown to have a two-layered mucus system where the inner layer is devoid of bacteria. However, a complete overview of the mouse gastrointestinal mucus system is lacking. We now characterize mucus release, thickness, growth over time, adhesive properties, and penetrability to fluorescent beads from stomach to distal colon. Colon displayed spontaneous mucus release and all regions released mucus in response to carbachol and PGE2, except the distal colon and domes of Peyer's patches. Stomach and colon had an inner mucus layer that was adherent to the epithelium. In contrast, the small intestine and Peyer's patches had a single mucus layer that was easily aspirated. The inner mucus layer of the distal colon was not penetrable to beads the size of bacteria and the inner layer of the proximal colon was only partly penetrable. In contrast, the inner mucus layer of stomach was fully penetrable, as was the small intestinal mucus. This suggests a functional organization of the intestinal mucus system, where the small intestine has loose and penetrable mucus that may allow easy penetration of nutrients, in contrast to the stomach, where the mucus provides physical protection, and the colon, where the mucus separates bacteria from the epithelium. This knowledge of the mucus system and its organization improves our understanding of the gastrointestinal tract physiology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.