ArticleAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2014
MxA as a clinically applicable biomarker for identifying systemic interferon type I in primary Sjogren's syndrome.
Article in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Proteins linked to type II interferon response in Sjögren's disease: novel indicators for disease monitoring and predicting treatment response to leflunomide and hydroxychloroquine combination therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Myxovirus Resistance Protein A mRNA Expression Kinetics in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with IFNβ.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Integrated machine learning framework identifies EPSTI1 as a key diagnostic biomarker for Sjögren's disease: multi-cohort transcriptomic validation and single-cell characterization.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial RNA-Type I Interferon Axis in Sjögren's Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Translational Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From Molecular Pathophysiology to Clinical Trial Design in Sjögren's Disease: A Three-Axis Framework.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From immune activation to symptom burden: mechanisms and translational implications of immune-symptom uncoupling in Sjögren's disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Distinct Monocyte Subsets and Intercellular Communication in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Amlexanox inhibits production of type I interferon and suppresses B cell differentiationRMD open · 2025Article
- IFI27, a potential candidate molecular marker for primary Sjogren's syndrome.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Interferon-Stimulated Genes and Immune Metabolites as Broad-Spectrum Biomarkers for Viral Infections.Viruses · 2025Review
- Expression of salivary hepcidin and its inducer, interleukin 6 as well as type I interferons are significantly elevated in infants with poor oral rotavirus vaccine take in South Africa.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Identification of Epigenetic Alteration of the IFI44L Gene in B Cells of Sjogren's Syndrome as a Clinical Biomarker and Molecular Significance.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Identification and verification of inflammatory biomarkers for primary Sjögren's syndrome.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Article
- Article
- Functional significance of DNA methylation: epigenetic insights into Sjögren's syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- UnravelingFrontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Identification and Validation of IFI44 as a Novel Biomarker for Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo establish an easy and practical assay for identifying systemic interferon (IFN) type I bioactivity in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The IFN type I signature is present in over half of the pSS patients and identifies a subgroup with a higher disease activity. This signature is currently assessed via laborious expression profiles of multiple IFN type I-inducible genes.
methodsIn a cohort of 35 pSS patients, myxovirus-resistance protein A (MxA) was assessed as a potential biomarker for type I IFN activity, using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) on whole-blood and flow cytometric analyses (fluorescence-activated cell sorting, FACS) of isolated CD14 monocytes. In addition, potential biomarkers such as CD64, CD169 and B cell-activating factor (BAFF) were simultaneously analysed in CD14 monocytes using FACS. The IFNscore, a measure for total type I IFN bioactivity, was calculated using expression values of the IFN type I signature genes--IFI44, IFI44L, IFIT3, LY6E and MX1--in CD14 monocytes, determined by real-time quantitative PCR.
resultsIFNscores correlated the strongest with monocyte MxA protein (r=0.741, p<0.001) and whole-blood MxA levels (r=0.764, p<0.001), weaker with CD169 (r=0.495, p<0.001) and CD64 (r=0.436, p=0.007), and not at all with BAFF protein. In particular, whole blood MxA levels correlated with EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index scores and numerous clinical pSS parameters. Interestingly, patients on hydroxychloroquine showed reduced MxA levels (EIA, p=0.04; FACS p=0.001).
conclusionsThe MxA assays were excellent tools to assess IFN type I activity in pSS, MxA-EIA being the most practical. MxA levels associate with features of active disease and are reduced in hydroxychloroquine-treated patients, suggesting the clinical applicability of MxA in stratifying patients according to IFN positivity.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.