ArticleOncogene2014
MicroRNA-19a-3p inhibits breast cancer progression and metastasis by inducing macrophage polarization through downregulated expression of Fra-1 proto-oncogene.
Article in Oncogene, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 228 citations in OpenAlex.
- MiR-19a as a prognostic indicator for cancer patients: a meta-analysis.Bioscience reports · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Mesenchymal stem cells-derived TGF-β1 promotes polarization of M2 macrophages in mice with acute-on-chronic liver failure via FOSL1/MERTK axis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- High levels of circulating miR-19a-3p in patients with metastatic HER2 + breast cancer are associated with a favorable prognosis and anti-tumor immune responses.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- The role of MiRNA-mediated tumor microenvironment in bone metastasis from a multi-omics perspective: cross-cancer mechanisms and clinical translation.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- MiRNAs: a call to arms that shapes the plasticity of tumor associated macrophages in breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Review
- The epigenetic hallmarks of immune cells in cancer.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Noncoding RNAs as regulators of FOSL1 in cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Universal STING mimic boosts antitumour immunity via preferential activation of tumour control signalling pathways.Nature nanotechnology · 2024Article
- FOSL1's Oncogene Roles in Glioma/Glioma Stem Cells and Tumorigenesis: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Let-7i enhances anti-tumour immunity and suppresses ovarian tumour growth.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Diterpenoid Tanshinones Can Inhibit Lung Cancer Progression by Improving the Tumor Microenvironment and Downregulation of NF-κB Expression.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Glucan fromJournal of Cancer · 2024Article
- Article
- Enhancing oncolytic virotherapy by extracellular vesicle mediated microRNA reprograming of the tumour microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- MED1 induces M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages to aggravate breast cancer.Genes & genomics · 2023Article
- MicroRNAs as Molecular Biomarkers for the Characterization of Basal-like Breast Tumor Subtype.Biomedicines · 2023Review
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of malignancy is the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from a pro-immune (M1-like) phenotype to an immune-suppressive (M2-like) phenotype. However, the molecular basis of the process is still unclear. MicroRNA (miRNA) comprises a group of small, non-coding RNAs that are broadly expressed by a variety of organisms and are involved in cell behaviors such as suppression or promotion of tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate that miR-19a-3p, broadly conserved among vertebrates, was downregulated in RAW264.7 macrophage cells of the M2 phenotype in conditoned medium of 4T1 mouse breast tumor cells. This downregulation correlated with an increased expression of the Fra-1 gene, which was reported to act as a pro-oncogene by supporting the invasion and progression of breast tumors. We found significant upregulation of miR-19a-3p in RAW264.7 macrophages after transfection with a miR-19a-3p mimic that resulted in a significant suppression of the expression of this gene. In addition, we could measure the activity of binding between miR-19a-3p and Fra-1 with a psiCHECK luciferase reporter system. Further, transfection of RAW264.7 macrophage cells with the miR-19a-3p mimic decreased the expression of the Fra-1 downstream genes VEGF, STAT3 and pSTAT3. Most importantly, the capacity of 4T1 breast tumor cells to migrate and invade was impaired in vivo by the intratumoral injection of miR-19a-3p. Taken together, these findings indicate that miR-19a-3p is capable of downregulating the M2 phenotype in M2 macrophages and that the low expression of this miRNA has an important role in the upregulation of Fra-1 expression and induction of M2 macrophage polarization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.