ArticleSupportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer2013
Interleukin-6 but not tumour necrosis factor-alpha predicts survival in patients with advanced cancer.
Article in Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of the overlap of fluid biomarkers in delirium and advanced cancer-related syndromes.BMC psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Exercise-modulated IL-6 in cancer cachexia: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Macrophage-Myocyte Cross Talk Induces M1 Polarization and Inflammatory Cytokine Production During Cancer Cachexia.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Interleukin 6 Drives Durable T Cell-Mediated Immunity to Pancreatic Cancer.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Interleukin 6 drives durable T cell-mediated immunity to pancreatic cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Modulating the Gut-Muscle Axis: Increasing SCFA-Producing Gut Microbiota Commensals and Decreasing Endotoxin Production to Mitigate Cancer Cachexia.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Physical activity and glioblastoma: a paradigm shift in neuro-oncology therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Cancer Cachexia.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Interleukin-6 serves as a critical factor in various cancer progression and therapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles in cancer cachexia: deciphering pathogenic roles and exploring therapeutic horizons.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Unveiling the role of interleukin-6 in pancreatic cancer occurrence and progression.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Can Exercise Enhance the Efficacy of Checkpoint Inhibition by Modulating Anti-Tumor Immunity?Cancers · 2023Review
- Review
- Water-soluble dietary fiber alleviates cancer-induced muscle wasting through changes in gut microenvironment in mice.Cancer science · 2022Article
- Article
- Tumor-derived IL-6 and trans-signaling among tumor, fat, and muscle mediate pancreatic cancer cachexia.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Article
- Unintentional weight loss: what radiologists need to know and what clinicians want to know.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2021Review
- Biomarkers for Cancer Cachexia: A Mini Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- GDF15/GFRAL Pathway as a Metabolic Signature for Cachexia in Patients with Cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2021Review
- The Microbiota and Cancer Cachexia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the survival of patients with advanced cancer.
methodsIn this prospective cohort study between three hospice and palliative care centres in South Korea, we followed 98 advanced cancer patients until death or the end of the study. Approximately 60 % of the patients had poor functional status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score ≥3). We investigated the symptoms of cancer cachexia anorexia syndrome, possible cytokine-related confounders such as infection and medication records. Influence from clinical variables was adjusted using the Cox proportional hazard model.
resultsThe median survival time was 27 days. On multivariate analysis, elevated IL-6 (hazard ratio, 2.139; p = 0.003) was found to be an independent significant prognostic factor. TNF-α was not a significant factor. Poor performance status and male gender were also independently related to shortened survival.
conclusionsIL-6 level can be a useful indicator of survival time of patients with advanced cancer at the very end of life. In contrast, the prognostic role of TNF-α requires further study.
Indexed as
Identifiers
23828393What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.