ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2013
Race, genetic ancestry and response to antidepressant treatment for major depression.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantifying Sample Representation in Global Pharmacogenomic Studies of Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review.Clinical and translational science · 2025Pooled it
- Comprehensive Characterization of Antidepressant Pharmacogenetics: A Systematic Review of Studies in Major Depressive Disorder.Clinical and translational science · 2025Pooled it
- Exercise improves depression through positive modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A review based on 100 manuscripts over 20 years.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Pooled it
- Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy Based on Genetically-Informed Biomarkers: What is the Evidence?Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Pooled it
- Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: effects by subgroup defined by genetically informed biomarkers.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- African-American representation in family and twin studies of mood and anxiety disorders: A systematic review.Journal of affective disorders · 2016Pooled it
- Intrinsic reward circuit connectivity profiles underlying symptom and quality of life outcomes following antidepressant medication: a report from the iSPOT-D trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Racial differences in adherence and response to combined treatment for full and subthreshold post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorders: A secondary analysis.Journal of ethnicity in substance abuseTrial
- Efficacy and Clinical Relevance of Adjunctive Cariprazine Treatment in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: Post Hoc Analyses from a Phase III Study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- Integrating multi-polygenic scores for enhanced prediction of antidepressant treatment outcomes in an East Asian population.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Exploring depression treatment response by using polygenic risk scoring across diverse populations.American journal of human genetics · 2025Article
- Using Machine Learning to Predict Treatment Outcome in a Concatenated Dataset of Youth Anxiety Treatments.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Development of a differential treatment selection model for depression on consolidated and transformed clinical trial datasets.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Antidiabetic Agents for Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Studies in Depression.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Article
- Exome-wide association study of treatment-resistant depression suggests novel treatment targets.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Utility of pharmacogenetic testing to optimise antidepressant pharmacotherapy in youth: a narrative literature review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Transdiagnostic and functional predictors of depression severity and trajectory in the Penn state psychiatry clinical assessment and rating evaluation system (PCARES) registry.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Article
- Sociodemographic Differences in Pain Medication Usage and Healthcare Provider Utilization Among Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Personalized Psychiatry and Depression: The Role of Sociodemographic and Clinical Variables.Psychiatry investigation · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) Study revealed poorer antidepressant treatment response among black compared with white participants. This racial disparity persisted even after socioeconomic and baseline clinical factors were taken into account. Some studies have suggested genetic contributions to this disparity, but none have attempted to disentangle race and genetic ancestry. Here we used genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data to examine independent contributions of race and genetic ancestry to citalopram response. Secondary data analyses included 1877 STAR*D participants who completed an average of 10 weeks of citalopram treatment and provided DNA samples. Participants reported their race as White (n=1464), black (n=299) or other/mixed (n=114). Genetic ancestry was estimated by multidimensional scaling (MDS) analyses of about 500 000 SNPs. Ancestry proportions were estimated by STRUCTURE. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the direct and indirect effects of observed and latent predictors of response, defined as change in the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) score from baseline to exit. Socioeconomic and baseline clinical factors, race, and anxiety significantly predicted response, as previously reported. However, direct effects of race disappeared in all models that included genetic ancestry. Genetic African ancestry predicted lower treatment response in all models. Although socioeconomic and baseline clinical factors drive racial differences in antidepressant response, genetic ancestry, rather than self-reported race, explains a significant fraction of the residual differences. Larger samples would be needed to identify the specific genetic mechanisms that may be involved, but these findings underscore the importance of including more African-American patients in drug trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.