ReviewBreast cancer research : BCR2013
Disparities in breast cancer outcomes between Caucasian and African American women: a model for describing the relationship of biological and nonbiological factors.
Review in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disparities in genetic services utilization in a random sample of young breast cancer survivors.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2019Trial
- Breast cancer subtype of French women is not influenced by socioeconomic status: A population-based-study.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Mammography Adherence in African-American Women: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2016Trial
- AfroSHARE Summit: visions of health equity for black women with gynecologic and breast cancers.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic disparities in long-term heart failure risk of trastuzumab with or without anthracyclines in early-stage breast cancer: a SEER-Medicare database analysis.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- Racial differences in biomarkers, treatment, and outcomes in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer in the United States.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Defining the Need for Services for Patients at High Risk of Breast Cancer at a Safety-Net Hospital: An Approach to Narrowing the Disparities Gap.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Living With a New Normal: Self-Identities of Women With Breast Cancer in Nigeria.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Pathologic Complete Response and Overall Survival in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Article
- Epigenetic Profiles of Triple-Negative Breast Cancers of African American and White Females.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Survival Disparities in US Black Compared to White Women with Hormone Receptor Positive-HER2 Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Concomitant analyses of intratumoral microbiota and genomic features reveal distinct racial differences in breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2023Article
- Article
- Evaluation of breast tumor morphologies from African American and Caucasian patients.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Article
- Ethnic and racial-specific differences in levels of centrosome-associated mitotic kinases, proliferative and epithelial-to-mesenchymal markers in breast cancers.Cell division · 2022Article
- Breast Cancer Educational Needs and Concerns of African American Women Below Screening Age.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2022Article
- Lifetime personal cigarette smoking and risk of young-onset breast cancer by subtype among non-Hispanic Black and White women in the Young Women's Health History Study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2022Article
- Screening of BRCA1/2 variants in Mauritanian breast cancer patients.BMC cancer · 2022Article
- Racial disparities in health insurance, triple-negative breast cancer diagnosis, tumor stage, treatment and survival in a large nationwide SEER cohort in the United States.Molecular and clinical oncology · 2022Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women in the United States but significant disparities exist for African American women compared to Caucasian women. African American women present with breast cancer at a younger age and with a greater incidence under the age of 50 years, develop histologically more aggressive tumors that are at a more advanced stage at presentation, and have a worse disease-free and overall survival than Caucasian women. The biological characteristics of the primary tumor play an important role in determining the outcome of the disparity, and significant differences have been identified between African American and Caucasian breast cancer in steroid receptor and growth factor receptor content, mutations in cell cycle components, chromosomal abnormalities, and tumor suppressor and other cancer genes. The consequences of the biological factors are influenced by a variety of nonbiological factors, including socioeconomic, health care access, reproductive, and confounding factors. The nonbiological factors may act directly to enhance (or inhibit) the consequences of the biological changes, indirectly to facilitate outcome of the disparity, or as a cofounding factor, driving the association between the biological factors and the disparity. The prevention and management of the disparities will require an understanding of the relationship of biological and nonbiological factors. The present review was undertaken to promote this understanding by describing the biological basis of the four major disparities - early age of onset, more advanced stage of disease, more aggressive histologic changes, and worse survival - and the important relationship to the nonbiological factors. A model is proposed to provide a comprehensive view of this relationship, with the goal of facilitating an understanding of each disparity and the issues that need to be addressed to eliminate the disparity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.