ArticleVeterinary research2013
The molecular basis for recognition of bacterial ligands at equine TLR2, TLR1 and TLR6.
Article in Veterinary research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Self-Assembly of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR2/6) Agonist Lipidated Amino Acid or Peptide Conjugates: Distinct Morphologies and Bioactivities.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2025Article
- Amine headgroups in ionizable lipids drive immune responses to lipid nanoparticles by binding to the receptors TLR4 and CD1d.Nature biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Association between Circulating T Cells and the Gut Microbiome in Healthy Individuals: Findings from a Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Regulation of immune responses to infection through interaction between stem cell-derived exosomes and toll-like receptors mediated by microRNA cargoes.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Equine Placentitis in Mares Induces the Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory CytokineVeterinary sciences · 2023Article
- An Analysis of DNA Sequence Polymorphism in the Swamp Buffalo Toll-like Receptor (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Review
- Therapeutic Targeting of Innate Immune Receptors Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Development of epithelial cholinergic chemosensory cells of the urethra and trachea of mice.Cell and tissue research · 2021Article
- Identification of TLR2 Signalling Mechanisms Which Contribute to Barrett's and Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma Disease Progression.Cancers · 2021Article
- Article
- Molecular basis determining species specificity for TLR2 inhibition by staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 3 (SSL3).Veterinary research · 2018Article
- The adjuvant G3 promotes a Th1 polarizing innate immune response in equine PBMC.Veterinary research · 2018Article
- Toll-like Receptor Activation Induces Degeneration of Human Intervertebral Discs.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Neutralization of pro-inflammatory monocytes by targeting TLR2 dimerization ameliorates colitis.The EMBO journal · 2016Article
- Identification of Adjuvantic Activity of Amphotericin B in a Novel, Multiplexed, Poly-TLR/NLR High-Throughput Screen.PloS one · 2016Article
- Soluble human TLR2 ectodomain binds diacylglycerol from microbial lipopeptides and glycolipids.Innate immunity · 2015Article
- Targeting TLR2 for vaccine development.Journal of immunology research · 2014Review
- Association of TLR6 single nucleotide polymorphisms and clinical features of ischemic stroke in Korean population.Journal of exercise rehabilitation · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
TLR2 recognises bacterial lipopeptides and lipoteichoic acid, and forms heterodimers with TLR1 or TLR6. TLR2 is relatively well characterised in mice and humans, with published crystal structures of human TLR2/1/Pam3CSK4 and murine TLR2/6/Pam2CSK4. Equine TLR4 is activated by a different panel of ligands to human and murine TLR4, but less is known about species differences at TLR2. We therefore cloned equine TLR2, TLR1 and TLR6, which showed over 80% sequence identity with these receptors from other mammals, and performed a structure-function analysis. TLR2/1 and TLR2/6 from both horses and humans dose-dependently responded to lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus, with no significant species difference in EC50 at either receptor pair. The EC50 of Pam2CSK4 was the same for equine and human TLR2/6, indicating amino acid differences between the two species' TLRs do not significantly affect ligand recognition. Species differences were seen between the responses to Pam2CSK4 and Pam3CSK4 at TLR2/1. Human TLR2/1, as expected, responded to Pam3CSK4 with greater potency and efficacy than Pam2CSK4. At equine TLR2/1, however, Pam3CSK4 was less potent than Pam2CSK4, with both ligands having similar efficacies. Molecular modelling indicates that the majority of non-conserved ligand-interacting residues are at the periphery of the TLR2 binding pocket and in the ligand peptide-interacting regions, which may cause subtle effects on ligand positioning. These results suggest that there are potentially important species differences in recognition of lipopeptides by TLR2/1, which may affect how the horse deals with bacterial infections.
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