ArticlePloS one2013
Expression of Streptococcus pneumoniae Virulence-Related Genes in the Nasopharynx of Healthy Children.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 27 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- A synopsis of competence-regulated virulence inVirulence · 2026Review
- Structure, Function, and Regulation of LytA: TheMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Fluorescent antibody-based detection and ultrastructural analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae in human sputum.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Article
- Role of cell surface proteins and toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis ofIranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2024Article
- Identification and molecular characterization of penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates recovered from invasive infections in a pre-pneumococcal vaccine era.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Article
- Insights Into Pneumococcal Pneumonia Using Lung Aspirates and Nasopharyngeal Swabs Collected From Pneumonia Patients in The Gambia.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Vaccination with LytA, LytC, or Pce ofVaccines · 2021Article
- Review
- Post-VaccinationMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- Impact of Laboratory Methods and Gene Targets on Detection ofReports of biochemistry & molecular biology · 2020Article
- Molecular characterization, antibiotic resistance pattern and capsular types of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran.BMC microbiology · 2020Article
- Article
- Bacterial-Host Interactions: Physiology and Pathophysiology of Respiratory Infection.Physiological reviews · 2018Review
- Dynamics of Colonization ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Molecular characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae, particularly serotype19A/ST320, which emerged in Krasnoyarsk, Russia.Microbiology and immunology · 2017Article
- Competitive Dominance within Biofilm Consortia Regulates the Relative Distribution of Pneumococcal Nasopharyngeal Density.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Article
- Development of a TaqMan Array Card for Pneumococcal Serotyping on Isolates and Nasopharyngeal Samples.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2016Article
- Molecular epidemiology of pneumococcal isolates from children in China.Saudi medical journal · 2016Article
- Bacterial Density, Serotype Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance of Pneumococcal Strains from the Nasopharynx of Peruvian Children Before and After Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 7.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2016Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedLanata, Claudio F [added]; Grijalva, Carlos G [added]; Investigators Group [corrected to RESPIRA PERU Group]
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Colonization and persistence in the human nasopharynx are prerequisites for Streptococcus pneumoniae disease and carriage acquisition, which normally occurs during early childhood. Animal models and in vitro studies (i.e. cell adhesion and cell cytotoxicity assays) have revealed a number of colonization and virulence factors, as well as regulators, implicated in nasopharyngeal colonization and pathogenesis. Expression of genes encoding these factors has never been studied in the human nasopharynx. Therefore, this study analyzed expression of S. pneumoniae virulence-related genes in human nasopharyngeal samples. Our experiments first demonstrate that a density of ≥10(4) CFU/ml of S. pneumoniae cells in the nasopharynx provides enough DNA and RNA to amplify the lytA gene by conventional PCR and to detect the lytA message, respectively. A panel of 21 primers that amplified S. pneumoniae sequences was designed, and their specificity for S. pneumoniae sequences was analyzed in silico and validated against 20 related strains inhabitants of the human upper respiratory tract. These primers were utilized in molecular reactions to find out that all samples contained the genes ply, pavA, lytC, lytA, comD, codY, and mgrA, whereas nanA, nanB, pspA, and rrgB were present in ∼91-98% of the samples. Gene expression studies of these 11 targets revealed that lytC, lytA, pavA and comD were the most highly expressed pneumococcal genes in the nasopharynx whereas the rest showed a moderate to low level of expression. This is the first study to evaluate expression of virulence- and, colonization-related genes in the nasopharynx of healthy children and establishes the foundation for future gene expression studies during human pneumococcal disease.
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Registered trials
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