ArticlePloS one2013
Correlation of circulating MMP-9 with white blood cell count in humans: effect of smoking.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Blood Alterations in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of matrix metalloproteinase 9 rs3918242 genetic variant on lipid-lowering efficacy of simvastatin therapy in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2017Trial
- MMP-9 and non-invasive markers in evaluating MASLD and atherosclerosis.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Changes in Concentration of Selected Biomarkers of Exposure in Users of Classic Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Heated Tobacco Products-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The usefulness of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio for diagnosis and assessment of COPD severity.European journal of medical research · 2023Observational
- Smoking Induces the Circulating Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk in Young Smokers.Medeniyet medical journal · 2022Article
- The role of LCN2 and LCN2-MMP9 in spondylitis radiographic development: gender and HLA-B27 status differences.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Article
- Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) mRNA and protein expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2019Article
- Review of the role of cigarette smoking in diabetic foot.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2019Review
- The Association of Biomarkers of Inflammation and Extracellular Matrix Degradation With the Risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: The ARIC Study.Angiology · 2019Article
- Effects of Tobacco Usage and Antiretroviral Therapy on Biomarkers of Systemic Immune Activation in HIV-Infected Participants.Mediators of inflammation · 2018Article
- Biomarkers of Epileptogenesis: The Focus on Glia and Cognitive Dysfunctions.Neurochemical research · 2017Review
- Concomitant elevations of MMP-9, NGAL, proMMP-9/NGAL and neutrophil elastase in serum of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2017Article
- Bronchoabsorption; a novel bronchoscopic technique to improve biomarker sampling of the airway.Respiratory research · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMatrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is an emerging biomarker for several disease conditions, where white blood cell (WBC) count is also elevated. In this study, we examined the relationship between MMP-9 and WBC levels in apparently healthy smoking and non-smoking human subjects.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the relationship of serum MMP-9 with WBC in 383 men and 356 women. Next, we divided the male population (women do not smoke in this population) into three groups: never (n = 243), current (n = 76) and former (n = 64) smokers and compared the group differences in MMP-9 and WBC levels and their correlations within each group.
resultsCirculating MMP-9 and WBC count are significantly correlated in men (R(2) = 0.13, p<0.001) and women (R(2) = 0.19, p<0.001). After stratification by smoking status, MMP-9 level was significantly higher in current smokers (mean ± SE; 663.3±43.4 ng/ml), compared to never (529.7±20.6) and former smokers (568±39.3). WBC count was changed in a similar pattern. Meanwhile, the relationship became stronger in current smokers with increased correlation coefficient of r = 0.45 or R(2) = 0.21 (p<0.001) and steeper slope of ß = 1.16±0.30 (p<0.001) in current smokers, compared to r = 0.26 or R(2) = 0.07 (p<0.001) and ß = 0.34±0.10 (p<0.001) in never smokers.
conclusionsWBC count accounts for 13% and 19% of MMP-9 variance in men and women, respectively. In non-smoking men, WBC count accounts for 7% of MMP-9 variance, but in smoking subjects, it accounts for up to 21% of MMP-9 variance. Thus, we have discovered a previously unrecognized correlation between the circulating MMP-9 and WBC levels in humans.
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