ArticleThe Prostate2013
Smoking and prostate cancer in a multi-ethnic cohort.
Article in The Prostate, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking Behaviors Among Black and Hispanic Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2023Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCω-3PUFA) and Prostate Cancer.Nutrition and cancer · 2015Pooled it
- Retention of black and white participants in the selenium and vitamin E cancer prevention trial (SWOG-coordinated intergroup study S0000).Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2014Trial
- Associations of role, area deprivation index, and race with health behaviors and body mass index among localized prostate cancer patients and their partners.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Article
- Residential segregation, housing cost, and smoking behaviors in Black Americans.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Smoking and the risk of prostate cancer: a review of risk and disease progression.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2025Review
- An overview of utilizing artificial intelligence in localized prostate cancer imaging.Expert review of medical devices · 2025Review
- Cigarette smoking and prostate cancer aggressiveness among African and European American men.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Article
- The Impact of Lifestyle on Prostate Cancer: A Road to the Discovery of New Biomarkers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Assessment of factors associated with PSA level in prostate cancer cases and controls from three geographical regions.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Prostate Cancer Disparity, Chemoprevention, and Treatment by Specific Medicinal Plants.Nutrients · 2019Review
- Metabolic syndrome and smoking are associated with an increased risk of nocturia in male patients with benign prostatic enlargement.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2018Article
- Smoking and prostate cancer: a life course analysis.BMC cancer · 2018Article
- Preoperative PROSTATE scoring system: a potential predictive tool for the risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.Cancer management and research · 2018Article
- Racial differences in prostate cancer risk in young HIV-positive and HIV-negative men: a prospective cohort study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2017Article
- The nomogram conundrum: a demonstration of why a prostate cancer risk model in Turkish men underestimates prostate cancer risk in the USA.International urology and nephrology · 2016Article
- The Cumulative Effect of Gene-Gene and Gene-Environment Interactions on the Risk of Prostate Cancer in Chinese Men.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Article
- Polymorphisms in NFKB1 and NFKBIA Genes Modulate the Risk of Developing Prostate Cancer among Han Chinese.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2015Article
- Unemployment and prostate cancer mortality in the OECD, 1990-2009.Ecancermedicalscience · 2015Article
- Lack of association between XPC Lys939Gln polymorphism and prostate cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis based on 3039 cases and 3253 controls.International journal of clinical and experimental medicine · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProstate cancer (PCa) and smoking-related morbidity disproportionately burdens African American (AA) men. Smoking is associated with high-grade PCa and incidence, but few studies have focused on AA men. This study aims to determine the effect of tobacco-use on odds of PCa and of high-grade PCa in a population of predominantly AA men.
methodsThis is a cross-sectional study evaluating smoking and PCa status in men with incident PCa and screened healthy controls. Altogether, 1,085 men (527 cases and 558 controls), age ≥ 40 years were enrolled through outpatient urology clinics in two US cities from 2001 to 2012. Validated questionnaires were used to gather clinical and socioeconomic data.
resultsThe cases and controls were predominantly AA (79.9% and 71.3%, respectively, P = 0.01). AA men smoked more frequently (53.4% vs. 47.9%, P < 0.001) and quit less frequently than European American (EA) men (31.5% vs. 40.4%, P = 0.01). AA heavy smokers had increased odds of PCa diagnosis (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.09, 6.10) and high-grade cancer (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.03, 3.48) relative to never smokers and light smokers. Among AAs, heavy smokers had lower odds of NCCN low PCa recurrence risk stratification. AA former smokers had a trend for increased odds of high-grade cancer compared to never smokers. The associations between smokings, cancer diagnosis and cancer grade did not reach statistical significance in EA men.
conclusionWe found ethnic differences in smoking behavior. Heavy smoking is associated with increased odds of PCa and of higher Gleason grade in AA men.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.