ArticlePhotomedicine and laser surgery2013
Effects of photodynamic therapy on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilms by bioluminescence imaging and scanning electron microscopic analysis.
Article in Photomedicine and laser surgery, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microbial Composition of Carious Dentin and the Impact of Minimally Invasive Excavation Techniques: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy as an Adjunct to Brix 3000 in Minimally Invasive Management of Carious Lesions in Primary Teeth.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Evaluation of Chlorophyll-Containing Nettle Extract Both in Free Form and Incorporated into Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate.Polymers · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for the treatment of oral infections: A systematic review.Journal of dental sciences · 2023Review
- How to study biofilms: technological advancements in clinical biofilm research.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- A NovelBioMed research international · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Latest Developments with a Focus on Combinatory Strategies.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Photodynamic Inactivation Using Natural Bioactive Compound Prevents and Disrupts the Biofilm Produced byMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Photodynamic Inactivation of an Endodontic Bacteria Using Diode Laser and Indocyanine Green-Loaded Nanosphere.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Propionibacterium acnes biofilms using hypericin (Hypericum perforatum) photosensitizer: in vitro study.Lasers in medical science · 2021Article
- Article
- Review
- Effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli.Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy · 2020Article
- Photodynamic Therapy as a New Treatment for Chronic Rhinosinusitis - A Systematic Review.Turkish archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2020Review
- Contamination of wounds with fecal bacteria in immuno-suppressed mice.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- The efficacy of photodynamic inactivation with laser diode onInfectious disease reports · 2020Article
- Potassium iodide enhances the photobactericidal effect of methylene blue on Enterococcus faecalis as planktonic cells and as biofilm infection in teeth.Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology · 2020Article
- Photodynamic Therapy With Propolis: Antibacterial Effects onJournal of lasers in medical sciences · 2020Article
- Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against clinical isolates of carbapenem-susceptible and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.Lasers in medical science · 2019Article
- An Insight into Advanced Approaches for Photosensitizer Optimization in Endodontics-A Critical Review.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to test photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an alternative approach to biofilm disruption on dental hard tissue, We evaluated the effect of methylene blue and a 660 nm diode laser on the viability and architecture of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilms. MATERIALS AND
methodsTen human teeth were inoculated with bioluminescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Enterococcus faecalis to form 3 day biofilms in prepared root canals. Bioluminescence imaging was used to serially quantify and evaluate the bacterial viability, and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) imaging was used to assess architecture and morphology of bacterial biofilm before and after PDT employing methylene blue and 40 mW, 660 nm diode laser light delivered into the root canal via a 300 μm fiber for 240 sec, resulting in a total energy of 9.6 J. The data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test.
resultsThe bacterial reduction showed a dose dependence; as the light energy increased, the bioluminescence decreased in both planktonic suspension and in biofilms. The SEM analysis showed a significant reduction of biofilm on the surface. PDT promoted disruption of the biofilm and the number of adherent bacteria was reduced.
conclusionsThe photodynamic effect seems to disrupt the biofilm by acting both on bacterial cells and on the extracellular matrix.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.