ReviewCNS drugs2013
Prospects for improving brain function in individuals with Down syndrome.
Review in CNS drugs, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02304302 (Phase II Multicenter 16-Week Randomized Double Blind Placebo-Controlled Evaluation of the Efficacy, Tolerability and Safety of Memantine Hydrochloride on Enhancing the Cognitive Abilities of Adolescents and Young Adults With Down Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase II Multicenter 16-Week Randomized Double Blind Placebo-Controlled Evaluation of the Efficacy, Tolerability and Safety of Memantine Hydrochloride on Enhancing the Cognitive Abilities of Adolescents and Young Adults With Down Syndrome
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A quantitative transcriptome reference map of the normal human brain.Neurogenetics · 2014Pooled it
- Microglia drive synaptic and functional connectivity deficits in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome by affecting inhibition.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Dysregulation of astrocyte-secreted pleiotrophin contributes to neuronal structural and functional deficits in Down syndrome.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Protein kinases in neurodegenerative diseases: current understandings and implications for drug discovery.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Down syndrome frontal cortex layer III and layer V pyramidal neurons exhibit lamina specific degeneration in aged individuals.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2024Article
- Alterations in aperiodic and periodic EEG activity in young children with Down syndrome.Neurobiology of disease · 2024Article
- Analysis of microisolated frontal cortex excitatory layer III and V pyramidal neurons reveals a neurodegenerative phenotype in individuals with Down syndrome.Acta neuropathologica · 2024Article
- Maternal choline supplementation protects against age-associated cholinergic and GABAergic basal forebrain neuron degeneration in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.Neurobiology of disease · 2023Article
- Emergence of Treadmill Running Ability and Quantitative Assessment of Gait Dynamics in Young Ts65Dn Mice: A Mouse Model for Down Syndrome.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Visual discrimination and inhibitory control deficits in mouse models of Down syndrome: A pilot study using rodent touchscreen technology.Journal of neuroscience research · 2023Article
- Fatty Acids: A Safe Tool for Improving Neurodevelopmental Alterations in Down Syndrome?Nutrients · 2022Review
- Prenatal and Postnatal Pharmacotherapy in Down Syndrome: The Search to Prevent or Ameliorate Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2022Article
- Evidence of Energy Metabolism Alterations in Cultured Neonatal Astrocytes Derived from the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- The Challenging Pathway of Treatment for Neurogenesis Impairment in Down Syndrome: Achievements and Perspectives.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- GIRK2 Channels in Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease.Current Alzheimer research · 2022Article
- Noninvasive assessment of autonomic modulation of heart rate variability in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome: A proof of principle study.Physiological reports · 2020Article
- Challenges and Opportunities for Translation of Therapies to Improve Cognition in Down Syndrome.Trends in molecular medicine · 2020Article
- On the Design of Broad-Based Neuropsychological Test Batteries to Assess the Cognitive Abilities of Individuals with Down Syndrome in the Context of Clinical Trials.Brain sciences · 2018Review
- Pharmacological Modulation of Three Modalities of CA1 Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome.Neural plasticity · 2018Article
- Developmental excitatory-to-inhibitory GABA-polarity switch is disrupted in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a potential target for clinical therapeutics.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), which results from an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21), is the most common genetically defined cause of intellectual disability. Although no pharmacotherapy aimed at counteracting the cognitive and adaptive deficits associated with this genetic disorder has been approved at present, there have been several new promising studies on pharmacological agents capable of rescuing learning/memory deficits seen in mouse models of DS. Here, we will review the available mouse models for DS and provide a comprehensive, albeit not exhaustive review of the following preclinical research strategies: (1) SOD1 and antioxidant agents; (2) APP and γ-secretase inhibitors; (3) DYRK1A and the polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG); (4) GIRK2 and fluoxetine; (5) adrenergic receptor agonists; (6) modulation of GABAA and GABAB receptors; (7) agonism of the hedgehog signaling pathway; (8) nerve growth factor (NGF) and other neurotrophic factors; (9) anticholinesterase (AChE) agents; and (10) antagonism of NMDA receptors. Finally, we will review briefly five different strategies in DS that have led to clinical studies that either have been concluded or are currently underway: (1) antioxidant therapy; (2) AChE therapy; (3) green tea extract therapy; (4) RG1662 therapy; and (5) memantine therapy. These are exciting times in DS research. Within a decade or so, it is well into the realm of possibility that new forms of pharmacotherapies might become valuable tools in the armamentarium of developmental clinicians, as adjutants to more traditional and proven forms of habilitative interventions aimed at improving the quality of life of individuals with DS.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.