ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
BET proteins promote efficient murine leukemia virus integration at transcription start sites.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 196 citations in OpenAlex.
- Specialized DNA Structures Act as Genomic Beacons for Integration by Evolutionarily Diverse Retroviruses.Viruses · 2023Pooled it
- Loop Plasticity Drives Paralog-Specific Recognition in BET ET Domains.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026Article
- Retroviral intasome architecture shapes the dynamics of target DNA search and integration.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Epigenetic mechanisms of retroviral regulation: a comparative review.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2026Review
- Loop Plasticity Drives Paralog-Specific Recognition in BET ET Domains.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Long Terminal Repeats of Gammaretroviruses Retain Stable Expression after Integration Retargeting.Viruses · 2024Article
- Designing molecules: directing stem cell differentiation.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Murine leukemia virus infection of non-dividing dendritic cells is dependent on nucleoporins.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Murine leukemia virus (MLV) P50 protein induces cell transformation via transcriptional regulatory function.Retrovirology · 2023Article
- The HIV-2 OGH double reporter virus shows that HIV-2 is less cytotoxic and less sensitive to reactivation from latency than HIV-1 in cell culture.Journal of virus eradication · 2023Article
- BET Inhibitor JQ1 Attenuates Feline Leukemia Virus DNA, Provirus, and Antigen Production in Domestic Cat Cell Lines.Viruses · 2023Article
- Unraveling the palindromic and nonpalindromic motifs of retroviral integration site sequences by statistical mixture models.Genome research · 2023Article
- BET Bromodomain Inhibitors: Novel Design Strategies and Therapeutic Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Pseudotyped Viruses.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Review
- A proteomic screen of Ty1 integrase partners identifies the protein kinase CK2 as a regulator of Ty1 retrotransposition.Mobile DNA · 2022Article
- Viral Hijacking of BET Proteins.Viruses · 2022Review
- Delivering genes with human immunodeficiency virus-derived vehicles: still state-of-the-art after 25 years.Journal of biomedical science · 2022Review
- BET-Independent Murine Leukemia Virus Integration Is RetargetedMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
- A point mutation in HIV-1 integrase redirects proviral integration into centromeric repeats.Nature communications · 2022Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The selection of chromosomal targets for retroviral integration varies markedly, tracking with the genus of the retrovirus, suggestive of targeting by binding to cellular factors. γ-Retroviral murine leukemia virus (MLV) DNA integration into the host genome is favored at transcription start sites, but the underlying mechanism for this preference is unknown. Here, we have identified bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins (Brd2, -3, -4) as cellular-binding partners of MLV integrase. We show that purified recombinant Brd4(1-720) binds with high affinity to MLV integrase and stimulates correct concerted integration in vitro. JQ-1, a small molecule that selectively inhibits interactions of BET proteins with modified histone sites impaired MLV but not HIV-1 integration in infected cells. Comparison of the distribution of BET protein-binding sites analyzed using ChIP-Seq data and MLV-integration sites revealed significant positive correlations. Antagonism of BET proteins, via JQ-1 treatment or RNA interference, reduced MLV-integration frequencies at transcription start sites. These findings elucidate the importance of BET proteins for MLV integration efficiency and targeting and provide a route to developing safer MLV-based vectors for human gene therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.