ArticleBMC infectious diseases2013
Natural ventilation reduces high TB transmission risk in traditional homes in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of indoor ventilation on TB transmission risk: implications of climate change.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic factors affecting knowledge levels of tuberculosis patients in New Delhi.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Current Epidemiology of Pediatric Tuberculosis.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2024Review
- Individual and household risk factors for COVID-19 infection among household members of COVID-19 patients in home-based care in western Uganda, 2020.IJID regions · 2022Article
- Importance of ventilation and occupancy to Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission rates in congregate settings.BMC public health · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Prevention in the Era of the Delta Variant.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2022Review
- Control and prevention of infectious diseases from a One Health perspective.Genetics and molecular biology · 2021Article
- Article
- Yield of household contact investigation of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in southern Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Baseline Assessment of Risk Factors of Presumptive Tuberculosis among under Five Children Living with an Index Client under Treatment in Mbale District, Eastern Uganda.Microbiology research journal international · 2020Article
- Tuberculosis susceptibility and protection in children.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2019Review
- Can ventilation oust tuberculosis bacilli? Dare to plug the unpluggable.Public health action · 2018Article
- Measuring ventilation and modelling M. tuberculosis transmission in indoor congregate settings, rural KwaZulu-Natal.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2016Article
- Infectious Diseases of Poverty in Children: A Tale of Two Worlds.Pediatric clinics of North America · 2016Review
- Stopping tuberculosis: a biosocial model for sustainable development.Lancet (London, England) · 2015Review
- The Impact of Ventilation and Early Diagnosis on Tuberculosis Transmission in Brazilian Prisons.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2015Article
- Care of the patient with XDR-TB who has failed treatment.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2015Article
- Trained community volunteers improve tuberculosis knowledge and attitudes among adults in a periurban community in southwest Nigeria.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2015Article
- Consequences of genomic diversity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Seminars in immunology · 2014Review
- Epidemiology and disease burden of tuberculosis in children: a global perspective.Infection and drug resistance · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTransmission of drug susceptible and drug resistant TB occurs in health care facilities, and community and households settings, particularly in highly prevalent TB and HIV areas. There is a paucity of data regarding factors that may affect TB transmission risk in household settings. We evaluated air exchange and the impact of natural ventilation on estimated TB transmission risk in traditional Zulu homes in rural South Africa.
methodsWe utilized a carbon dioxide decay technique to measure ventilation in air changes per hour (ACH). We evaluated predominant home types to determine factors affecting ACH and used the Wells-Riley equation to estimate TB transmission risk.
resultsTwo hundred eighteen ventilation measurements were taken in 24 traditional homes. All had low ventilation at baseline when windows were closed (mean ACH = 3, SD = 3.0), with estimated TB transmission risk of 55.4% over a ten hour period of exposure to an infectious TB patient. There was significant improvement with opening windows and door, reaching a mean ACH of 20 (SD = 13.1, p < 0.0001) resulting in significant decrease in estimated TB transmission risk to 9.6% (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis identified factors predicting ACH, including ventilation conditions (windows/doors open) and window to volume ratio. Expanding ventilation increased the odds of achieving ≥12 ACH by 60-fold.
conclusionsThere is high estimated risk of TB transmission in traditional homes of infectious TB patients in rural South Africa. Improving natural ventilation may decrease household TB transmission risk and, combined with other strategies, may enhance TB control efforts.
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