ArticleKorean journal of anesthesiology2013
Effect of ketamine and midazolam on oculocardiac reflex in pediatric strabismus surgery.
Article in Korean journal of anesthesiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03806270 (Hydroxyzine Dihydrochloride Premedication is a Necessity for Pediatric Patients Undergoing Strabismus Surgery; An Observational Clinical Trial Controlled With Midazolam), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Hydroxyzine Dihydrochloride Premedication is a Necessity for Pediatric Patients Undergoing Strabismus Surgery; An Observational Clinical Trial Controlled With Midazolam
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Sub-Anesthetic Dose Esketamine on Oculocardiac Reflex in Children Undergoing Day-Case Strabismus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Trial
- The effect of anesthesia depth on the oculocardiac reflex in strabismus surgery.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2016Trial
- Profound trigeminocardiac reflex from lingual nerve stimulation: a case report.Journal of dental anesthesia and pain medicine · 2022Article
- The Oculocardiac Reflex: A Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Review
- Efficacy of horizontal muscle augmentation combined inferior oblique muscle shortening for pediatric strabismus: Study Protocol.Medicine · 2019Article
- The association between surgical technique and oculocardiac reflex in pediatric strabismus surgery: an observational study.Brazilian journal of anesthesiology (Elsevier)Observational
- Comparative Study of Retrobulbar Block versus Ketamine Infusion during Eye Enucleation/Evisceration (Randomized Controlled Trial).Anesthesia, essays and researchesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe oculocardiac reflex (OCR) can be elicited during manipulation of the orbital structures in the strabismus correction surgery. A sinus bradycardia is the most common manifestation of OCR; and cardiac dysrhythmia and asystole may also occur. Various efforts to reduce OCR have been attempted, but without coherent outcome results.
methodsSixty one children, undergoing elective strabismus surgery, were randomly allocated into 2 groups: Group K received ketamine 1.0 mg/kg; and Group M received midazolam 0.15 mg/kg for induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was maintained with 1-1.3 MAC of sevoflurane with 50% N2O in O2. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured 30 seconds before extraocular muscle (EOM) traction and immediately after traction. The OCR was defined as a decrease in heart rate more than 20% of the baseline heart rate, following manipulating EOM. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and emergence agitation (EA) were assessed in postanesthetic care unit (PACU).
resultsBlood pressure before tightening EOM in Group K was higher than that in Group M (P < 0.05). However Δ HR (2.7 ± 15% vs. - 0.9 ± 16%) and incidence of OCR (10.0% vs. 19.4%) after traction an EOM were not different between the two groups. The occurrence of PONV (6.7 vs. 9.7%) and EA (30.0% vs. 22.6%) were similar.
conclusionsKetamine does not reduce the incidence of OCR compared with midazolam in pediatric strabismus surgery. In addition, ketamine does not increase the incidence of PONV and EA. In conclusion, it is reliable to use ketamine in pediatric strabismus surgery.
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