ArticleJournal of bacteriology2013
Effect of the abortive infection mechanism and type III toxin/antitoxin system AbiQ on the lytic cycle of Lactococcus lactis phages.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Overview of Type II and III Toxin-Antitoxin Systems with a Focus on Druggability.Toxins · 2018Pooled it
- Revisiting lactococcal abortive infection-like antiphage systems: diversity, structures, and mechanisms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Deciphering the RNA-based regulation mechanism of the phage-encoded AbiF system in Clostridioides difficile.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- The great phage escape: Activating and escaping lactococcal antiphage systems.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- DNA polymerase swapping in Caudoviricetes bacteriophages.Virology journal · 2024Article
- An enterococcal phage protein inhibits type IV restriction enzymes involved in antiphage defense.Nature communications · 2024Article
- An enterococcal phage protein broadly inhibits type IV restriction enzymes involved in antiphage defense.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Jumping DNA polymerases in bacteriophages.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Engineered phage enzymes against drug-resistant pathogens: a review on advances and applications.Bioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2024Review
- The Battle between Bacteria and Bacteriophages: A Conundrum to Their Immune System.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Bacteriophage strategies for overcoming host antiviral immunity.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- The presence of plasmids in bacterial hosts alters phage isolation and infectivity.ISME communications · 2022Article
- Article
- Mechanisms and clinical importance of bacteriophage resistance.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- RNA Regulated Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Substrate specificity of bacterial endoribonuclease toxins.BMB reports · 2020Review
- Staphylococcal Protein A (mSphere · 2020Article
- Article
- How Phages Overcome the Challenges of Drug Resistant Bacteria in Clinical Infections.Infection and drug resistance · 2020Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To survive in phage-containing environments, bacteria have evolved an array of antiphage systems. Similarly, phages have overcome these hurdles through various means. Here, we investigated how phages are able to circumvent the Lactococcus lactis AbiQ system, a type III toxin-antitoxin with antiviral activities. Lactococcal phage escape mutants were obtained in the laboratory, and their genomes were sequenced. Three unrelated genes of unknown function were mutated in derivatives of three distinct lactococcal siphophages: orf38 of phage P008, m1 of phage bIL170, and e19 of phage c2. One-step growth curve experiments revealed that the phage mutations had a fitness cost while transcriptional analyses showed that AbiQ modified the early-expressed phage mRNA profiles. The L. lactis AbiQ system was also transferred into Escherichia coli MG1655 and tested against several coliphages. While AbiQ was efficient against phages T4 (Myoviridae) and T5 (Siphoviridae), escape mutants of only phage 2 (Myoviridae) could be isolated. Genome sequencing revealed a mutation in gene orf210, a putative DNA polymerase. Taking these observations together, different phage genes or gene products are targeted or involved in the AbiQ phenotype. Moreover, this antiviral system is active against various phage families infecting Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A model for the mode of action of AbiQ is proposed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.