Trial reportClinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN2013
Renal clearance and intestinal generation of p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate in CKD.
Trial report in Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00441623 (A Single Centre Observational Cohort Study on the Prognostic Relevance of P-cresol and Related Uremic Retention Solutes in the Development and/or Progression of Renal Failure and Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 66 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Single Centre Observational Cohort Study on the Prognostic Relevance of P-cresol and Related Uremic Retention Solutes in the Development and/or Progression of Renal Failure and Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Trial
- Effect of increasing dietary fiber on plasma levels of colon-derived solutes in hemodialysis patients.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2014Trial
- Cardiovascular disease relates to intestinal uptake of p-cresol in patients with chronic kidney disease.BMC nephrology · 2014Trial
- Immune profiling in a living human recipient of a gene-edited pig kidney.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Inflammatory bowel disease and renal disorders: from clinical associations to shared mechanisms and management strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Gut-Kidney Axis and Effect on GFR.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026Article
- Immune cells harbor their own microbiome-derived metabolome: a new layer of immunometabolic regulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Indoxyl sulfate in the gut-kidney axis: from diet-microbiome interactions to renal injury and targeted therapies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Commentary: Microbiota-derived metabolites and cognitive dysfunction in dialysis patients: mechanisms and targeted therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Functional Carbon-Based Materials for Blood Purification: Recent Advances Toward Improved Treatment of Renal Failure and Patient Quality of Life.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Transporter-Mediated Interactions Between Uremic Toxins and Drugs: A Hidden Driver of Toxicity in Chronic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Klotho Suppresses Indoxyl Sulfate-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Kidney Proximal Tubular (HK-2) Cells through Modulating the AKT/Nrf2 Mechanism.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Predictive value of protein-bound uremic toxins for heart failure in patients with chronic kidney disease.ESC heart failure · 2024Article
- Impact of sacubitril/valsartan on cardiac and systemic hypoxia in chronic heart failure.iScience · 2024Article
- SLC22A11 Inserts the Uremic Toxins Indoxyl Sulfate and P-Cresol Sulfate into the Plasma Membrane.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Effect of Low Protein Diet Supplemented with Ketoanalogs on Endothelial Function and Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 promotes renal fibrosis after acute kidney injury by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and activation of M2 macrophage polarization.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Article
- Effects of the L-tyrosine-derived bacterial metabolite p-cresol on colonic and peripheral cells.Amino acids · 2022Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesp-Cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate contribute to cardiovascular disease and progression of renal disease. Renal clearance of both solutes mainly depends on tubular secretion, and serum concentrations are widely dispersed for any given stage of CKD. From this information, it is inferred that estimated GFR is not a suitable proxy of the clearance of these solutes. Formal clearance studies have, however, not been performed to date. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: This study analyzed renal clearances of p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate in the Leuven CKD cohort (NCT00441623; inclusion between November of 2005 and September of 2006) and explored their relationship with estimated GFR. Multivariate linear regression models were built to evaluate contributions of estimated GFR, demographics, and generation rates to p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate serum concentrations.
resultsRenal clearances were analyzed in 203 patients with CKD stages 1-5. Indoxyl sulfate clearances (median=17.7, interquartile range=9.4-33.2 ml/min) exceeded p-cresyl sulfate clearances (median=6.8, interquartile range=3.4-12.0 ml/min) by about threefold. A linear relationship was observed between estimated GFR and clearances of p-cresyl sulfate (R(2)=0.50, P<0.001) and indoxyl sulfate (R(2)=0.55, P<0.001). In multivariate regression, p-cresyl sulfate concentrations were associated (R(2)=0.75) with estimated GFR and generation rate (both P<0.001). Indoxyl sulfate concentrations were associated (R(2)=0.74) with estimated GFR, generation rate (both P<0.001), age (P<0.05), and sex (P<0.05).
conclusionsEstimated GFR provides an acceptable estimate of renal clearance of p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate. Remarkably, clearances of indoxyl sulfate exceed clearances of p-cresyl sulfate by approximately threefold, suggesting substantial differences between tubular transporter affinities and/or involvement of separate transporter systems for p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.