ReviewMolecular neurobiology2013
Glia and mast cells as targets for palmitoylethanolamide, an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective lipid mediator.
Review in Molecular neurobiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04853836 (Olfactory Disfunction After COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 77 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Olfactory Disfunction After COVID-19: Conventional Therapy Versus Intervention Treatment With Co-ultraPEALut
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extended Treatment with Micron-Size Oral Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) in Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Questioning the role of palmitoylethanolamide in psychosis: a systematic review of clinical and preclinical evidence.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Palmitoylethanolamide: A Nutritional Approach to Keep Neuroinflammation within Physiological Boundaries-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy of a Novel Palmitoylethanolamide-Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Trial
- Adelmidrol to fight upper airways inflammation in children: a pilot case control study to safety and efficacy.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Trial
- Persistent COVID-19 parosmia and olfactory loss post olfactory training: randomized clinical trial comparing central and peripheral-acting therapeutics.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Trial
- Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin for Postinfectious Olfactory Disorders: How Clinically Meaningful Is Its Effect?ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties · 2024Trial
- Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin Supplement Combined with Olfactory Training to Treat Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Impairment: A Multi-Center Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo- Controlled Clinical Trial.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Trial
- Effect of palmitoylethanolamide on inner retinal function in glaucoma: a randomized, single blind, crossover, clinical trial by pattern-electroretinogram.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Efficacy of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide in burning mouth syndrome-affected patients: a preliminary randomized double-blind controlled trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2019Trial
- Article
- New Adjuvant Therapies for Obesity-Related Disorders Associated with Meta-Neuroinflammation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Untargeted red blood cell metabolomics reveals distinct metabolic signatures in malignant cerebral edema following acute ischemic stroke.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Investigating Properties of Palmitoylethanolamide in Physiology and Disease: Far Beyond an Anti-Inflammatory Shield.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Microglial Activation in Nociplastic Pain: From Preclinical Models to PET Neuroimaging and Implications for Targeted Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Palmitoylethanolamide: A Multifunctional Molecule for Neuroprotection, Chronic Pain, and Immune Modulation.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- A Decades-Long Journey of Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) for Chronic Neuropathic Pain Management: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Pain and therapy · 2025Review
- Fixed combination of palmitoylethanolamide and melatonin in preventive therapy of migraine: results from a randomized clinical trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Opioid Use and Gut Dysbiosis in Cancer Pain Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glia are key players in a number of nervous system disorders. Besides releasing glial and neuronal signaling molecules directed to cellular homeostasis, glia respond also to pro-inflammatory signals released from immune-related cells, with the mast cell being of particular interest. A proposed mast cell-glia communication may open new perspectives for designing therapies to target neuroinflammation by differentially modulating activation of non-neuronal cells normally controlling neuronal sensitization-both peripherally and centrally. Mast cells and glia possess endogenous homeostatic mechanisms/molecules that can be upregulated as a result of tissue damage or stimulation of inflammatory responses. Such molecules include the N-acylethanolamines, whose principal family members are the endocannabinoid N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide), and its congeners N-stearoylethanolamine, N-oleoylethanolamine, and N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA). A key role of PEA may be to maintain cellular homeostasis when faced with external stressors provoking, for example, inflammation: PEA is produced and hydrolyzed by microglia, it downmodulates mast cell activation, it increases in glutamate-treated neocortical neurons ex vivo and in injured cortex, and PEA levels increase in the spinal cord of mice with chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Applied exogenously, PEA has proven efficacious in mast cell-mediated experimental models of acute and neurogenic inflammation. This fatty acid amide possesses also neuroprotective effects, for example, in a model of spinal cord trauma, in a delayed post-glutamate paradigm of excitotoxic death, and against amyloid β-peptide-induced learning and memory impairment in mice. These actions may be mediated by PEA acting through "receptor pleiotropism," i.e., both direct and indirect interactions of PEA with different receptor targets, e.g., cannabinoid CB2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.