Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23812645›Full record

ArticleNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2013

Simplified models for heterobivalent ligand binding: when are they applicable and which are the factors that affect their target residence time.

Georges Vauquelin

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Georges VauquelinDepartment of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium, gvauquel@vub.ac.be.
Vrije Universiteit Brussel · BE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bivalent ligands often display high affinity/avidity for and long residence time at their target. Thereto responsible is the synergy that emanates from the simultaneous binding of their two pharmacophores to their respective target sites. Thermodynamic cycle models permit the most complete description of the binding process, and thereto, corresponding differential equation-based simulations link the "microscopic" rate constants that govern the individual binding steps to the "macroscopic" bivalent ligand's binding properties. Present simulations of heterobivalent ligand binding led to an appreciably simpler description thereof. The thermodynamic cycle model can be split into two pathways/lanes that the bivalent ligand can solicit to reach fully bound state. Since the first binding event prompts the still free pharmacophore to stay into "forced proximity" of its target site, such lanes can be looked into by the equations that also apply to induced fit binding mechanisms. Interestingly, the simplest equations apply when bivalency goes along with a large gain in avidity. The overall bivalent ligand association and dissociation will be swifter than via each lane apart, but it is the lane that allows the fastest bidirectional "transit" between the free and the fully bound target that is chiefly solicited. The bivalent ligand's residence time is governed not only by the stability of the fully bound complex but also by the ability of freshly dissociated pharmacophores to successfully rebind. Hence, the presence of a slow-associating pharmacophore could be counterproductive. Yet, a long residence time is unfortunately also responsible for the slow attainment of binding equilibrium.

Indexed as

LigandsModels, BiologicalComputer SimulationPharmaceutical PreparationsLigandsPharmaceutical Preparations

Identifiers

PMID23812645
OpenAlexW2093727163

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.