ArticleGut microbes
Role of host xanthine oxidase in infection due to enteropathogenic and Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli.
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26 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Taurine alleviates hyperuricemia-induced nephropathy in rats: insights from microbiome and metabolomics.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Advances in the study of gut microecology and mechanisms of hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The dual regulatory effects of intestinal microorganisms and their metabolites in gouty arthritis pathogenesis: a balance between promotion and inhibition.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Resveratrol Improves Hyperuricemia and Ameliorates Renal Injury by Modulating the Gut Microbiota.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Longitudinal multi-omics analysis uncovers the altered landscape of gut microbiota and plasma metabolome in response to high altitude.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Differential oral and gut microbial structure related to systemic metabolism in kidney stone patients.World journal of urology · 2024Article
- Association of resistome abundance with hyperuricaemia in elderly individuals: a metagenomics study.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2024Article
- Exploration of the link between gut microbiota and purinergic signalling.Purinergic signalling · 2023Review
- Anti-Hyperuricemic Effect of Anserine Based on the Gut-Kidney Axis: Integrated Analysis of Metagenomics and Metabolomics.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Ameliorative Effect of Mannuronate Oligosaccharides on Hyperuricemic Mice via Promoting Uric Acid Excretion and Modulating Gut Microbiota.Nutrients · 2023Article
- 16S rRNA and Metagenomics Combined with UPLC-Q/TOF-MS Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Potential Mechanism of Radix Astragali Against Hyperuricemia in Mice.Drug design, development and therapy · 2023Article
- A dynamics association study of gut barrier and microbiota in hyperuricemia.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Characteristic alterations of gut microbiota in uncontrolled gout.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Article
- Effect of Bining decoction on gouty nephropathy: a network pharmacology analysis and preliminary validation of gut microbiota in a mouse model.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- The Role of the Intestine in the Development of Hyperuricemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Altered Gut Microbiota in Children With Hyperuricemia.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Impact ofNutrients · 2021Article
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Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) has been recognized as an important host defense enzyme for decades. In our recent study in Infection and Immunity, we found that enteropathogenic and Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (EPEC and STEC) were far more resistant to killing by the XO pathway than laboratory E. coli strains used in the past. Although XO plus hypoxanthine substrate rarely generated enough H 2O 2 to kill EPEC and STEC, the pathogens were able to sense the H2O2 and react to it with an increase in expression of virulence factors, most notably Shiga toxin (Stx). H 2O 2 produced by XO also triggered a chloride secretory response in T84 cell monolayers studied in the Ussing chamber. Adding exogenous XO plus its substrate in vivo did not decrease the number of STEC bacteria recovered from ligated intestinal loops, but instead appeared to worsen the infection and increased the amount of Stx2 toxin produced. XO plus hypoxanthine also increases the ability of Stx2 to translocate across intestinal monolayers. With regard to EPEC and STEC, the role of XO appears more complex and subtle than what has been reported in the past, since XO also plays a role in host-pathogen signaling, in regulating virulence in pathogens, in Stx production and in toxin translocation. Uric acid produced by XO may also be in itself an immune modulator in the intestinal tract.
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