ArticleActa pharmacologica Sinica2013
Emodin induces human T cell apoptosis in vitro by ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Article in Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genotoxicity of anthraquinone dyes and dye intermediates: a comprehensive review.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Spatially resolved single cell analysis suggests an APOE NCF1 associated immunosuppressive niche and its prognostic signature in thyroid cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Evaluating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) used for management of inflammatory bowel disease: a comprehensive review.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2025Review
- Polydatin: A natural compound with multifaceted anticancer properties.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2025Review
- Immunometabolic Targets in CD8Liver cancer · 2025Review
- The Cold Atmospheric Plasma Inhibits Cancer Proliferation Through Reducing Glutathione Synthesis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Interplay Between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Ferroptosis in Neurological Diseases.Neurochemical research · 2025Review
- Emodin promotes the recovery of rheumatoid arthritis by regulating the crosstalk between macrophage subsets and synovial fibroblast subsets.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- In Vitro Toxicity Assessment ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comprehensive molecular and cellular characterization of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related key genes in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Dietary emodin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury by regulating gut microbiota in piglets.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2023Article
- Repetitive Low-Level Blast Exposure via Akt/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Mediates the M1 Polarization of Mouse Alveolar Macrophage MH-S Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Emodin alleviates chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain and inflammation via modulating PPAR-gamma pathway.PloS one · 2023Article
- Functional proteomic profiling links deficient DNA clearance with increased mortality in individuals with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.Immunity · 2022Article
- Effects of Anthraquinones on Immune Responses and Inflammatory Diseases.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Emodin-Mediated Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Review
- Mechanism of Emodin in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Review
- Hepatotoxicity of the Major Anthraquinones Derived From Polygoni Multiflori Radix Based on Bile Acid Homeostasis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Emodin Improves Intestinal Health and Immunity through Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Mice Infected by PathogenicAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Reactive Oxygen Species in Anticancer Immunity: A Double-Edged Sword.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive effects of emodin isolated from Rheum palmatum L.
methodsHuman T cells were isolated from the peripheral venous blood of 10 healthy adult donors. Cell viability was analyzed with MTT assay. AO/EB and Annexin V/PI staining and DNA damage assay were used to detect cell apoptosis. Fluorescence staining was used to detect the levels of ROS, the mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular Ca(2+). Colorimetry was used to detect the levels of MDA and total SOD and GSH/GSSG ratio. The expression and activity of caspase-3, -4, and -9 were detected with Western blotting and a fluorometric assay. Western blotting was also used to detect the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome C, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) markers.
resultsEmodin (1, 10, and 100 μmol/L) inhibited the growth of human T cells and induced apoptosis in dose- and time dependent manners. Emodin triggered ER stress and significantly elevated intracellular free Ca(2+) in human T cells. It also disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased cytosolic level of cytochrome C, and the levels of activated cleavage fragments of caspase-3, -4, and -9 in human T cells. Furthermore, emodin significantly increased the levels of ROS and MDA, inhibited both SOD level and GSH/GSSG ratio in human T cells, whereas co-incubation with the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 20 μmol/L) almost completely blocked emodin-induced ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in human T cells, and decreased the caspase cascade-mediated apoptosis.
conclusionEmodin exerts immunosuppressive actions at least partly by inducing apoptosis of human T cells, which is triggered by ROS-mediated ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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