ArticleToxicology and applied pharmacology2013
Chronic cadmium exposure in vitro induces cancer cell characteristics in human lung cells.
Article in Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Heavy Metal Toxicity in Clinical and Environmental Health: Sources, Mechanisms, Diagnostics, and Evidence-Based Management of Mercury, Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Chronic cadmium exposure promotes TRPM7-dependent acquisition of a myofibroblast-like phenotype in pancreatic stellate cells.Cell biology and toxicology · 2026Article
- Review
- Emerging Roles of Metallothioneins in Human Pathophysiology: A Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Cadmium-induced lung injury disrupts immune cell homeostasis in the secondary lymphoid organs in mice.Toxicology · 2024Article
- Toxicity Tolerance in the Carcinogenesis of Environmental Cadmium.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Identification of core carcinogenic elements based on the age-standardized mortality rate of lung cancer in Xuanwei Formation coal in China.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) modulation in heavy metal toxicity.Archives of toxicology · 2023Review
- Cadmium alters whole animal ionome and promotes the re-distribution of iron in intestinal cells ofFrontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Bioinformatics analysis of key genes and potential mechanism in cadmium-induced breast cancer progression.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Environmental Cadmium Exposure Promotes the Development, Progression and Chemoradioresistance of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks as Fluorescence Sensors for Food Safety.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Assessment of toxic elements in road dust from Hutou Village, China: implications for the highest incidence of lung cancer.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Statistical Assessment of Toxic and Essential Metals in the Serum of Female Patients with Lung Carcinoma from Pakistan.Biological trace element research · 2020Article
- Heavy metals interfere with plasma metabolites, including lipids and amino acids, in patients with breast cancer.Oncology letters · 2020Article
- Evaluation of heavy metals and metabolites in the urine of patients with breast cancer.Oncology letters · 2020Article
- Independent prognostic value of HIF-1α expression in radiofrequency ablation of lung cancer.Oncology letters · 2020Article
- Cadmium induces A549 cell migration and invasion by activating ERK.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2019Article
- Chronic cadmium exposure aggravates malignant phenotypes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via hypermethylation of the casein kinase 1α promoter.Cancer management and research · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cadmium is a known human lung carcinogen. Here, we attempt to develop an in vitro model of cadmium-induced human lung carcinogenesis by chronically exposing the peripheral lung epithelia cell line, HPL-1D, to a low level of cadmium. Cells were chronically exposed to 5 μM cadmium, a noncytotoxic level, and monitored for acquired cancer characteristics. By 20 weeks of continuous cadmium exposure, these chronic cadmium treated lung (CCT-LC) cells showed marked increases in secreted MMP-2 activity (3.5-fold), invasion (3.4-fold), and colony formation in soft agar (2-fold). CCT-LC cells were hyperproliferative, grew well in serum-free media, and overexpressed cyclin D1. The CCT-LC cells also showed decreased expression of the tumor suppressor genes p16 and SLC38A3 at the protein levels. Also consistent with an acquired cancer cell phenotype, CCT-LC cells showed increased expression of the oncoproteins K-RAS and N-RAS as well as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition marker protein Vimentin. Metallothionein (MT) expression is increased by cadmium, and is typically overexpressed in human lung cancers. The major MT isoforms, MT-1A and MT-2A were elevated in CCT-LC cells. Oxidant adaptive response genes HO-1 and HIF-1A were also activated in CCT-LC cells. Expression of the metal transport genes ZNT-1, ZNT-5, and ZIP-8 increased in CCT-LC cells culminating in reduced cadmium accumulation, suggesting adaptation to the metal. Overall, these data suggest that exposure of human lung epithelial cells to cadmium causes acquisition of cancer cell characteristics. Furthermore, transformation occurs despite the cell's ability to adapt to chronic cadmium exposure.
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