ArticleBone2013
Childhood socioeconomic status and adult femoral neck bone strength: findings from the Midlife in the United States Study.
Article in Bone, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bone Mineral Accrual From Adolescence Into Young Adulthood and Peak Bone Mass: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Application of biodegradable implants in pediatric orthopedics: shifting from absorbable polymers to biodegradable metals.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Childhood Family Environment and Osteoporosis in a Population-Based Cohort Study of Middle-to Older-Age Americans.JBMR plus · 2023Article
- Retrospective reports of socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood and mortality risk: are associations consistent across measures and sex?GeroScience · 2023Article
- Factors influencing peak bone mass gain.Frontiers of medicine · 2021Review
- Childhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage, Occupational, Leisure-Time, and Household Physical Activity, and Diabetes in Adulthood.Journal of physical activity & health · 2017Article
- Emotional and instrumental support during childhood and biological dysregulation in midlife.Preventive medicine · 2016Article
- Adult bone strength of children from single-parent families: the Midlife in the United States Study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2015Article
- Childhood socioeconomic disadvantage and prediabetes and diabetes in later life: a study of biopsychosocial pathways.Psychosomatic medicine · 2014Article
- Multisystem dysregulation and bone strength: findings from the study of midlife in the United States.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2014Article
- Marital histories, marital support, and bone density: findings from the Midlife in the United States Study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2014Article
- Structural Inequity and Socioeconomic Status Link to Osteoporosis Diagnosis in a Population-Based Cohort of Middle-Older-Age Americans.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeBone acquisition in childhood impacts adult bone mass, and can be influenced by childhood socioeconomic conditions. Socioeconomic status is also associated with body weight which affects the load that bone is exposed to in a fall. We hypothesized that socioeconomic advantage in childhood is associated with greater bone strength relative to load in adulthood.
methodsHip dual x-ray absorptiometry scans from 722 participants in the Midlife in the United States Study were used to measure femoral neck size and bone mineral density, and combined with body weight and height to create composite indices of femoral neck strength relative to load in different failure modes: compression, bending, and impact. A childhood socioeconomic advantage score was created for the same participants from parental education, self-rated financial status relative to others, and not being on welfare. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the association of childhood socioeconomic advantage with femoral neck composite strength indices, stratified by gender and race (white/non-white), and adjusted for study site, age, menopause status in women, education, and current financial advantage.
resultsChildhood socioeconomic advantage was independently associated with higher indices of all three composite strength indices in white men (adjusted standardized effect sizes, 0.19 to 0.27, all p values<0.01), but not in the other three race/gender groups. Additional adjustment for adult obesity, physical activity in different life stages, smoking, and heavy drinking over the life-course significantly attenuated the associations in white men.
conclusionsSocioeconomic disadvantage in childhood is associated with lower hip strength relative to load in white men, and these influences are dampened by healthy lifestyle choices.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.