ArticleAmerican journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics2013
Phenotypic diversity in white adults with moderate to severe Class III malocclusion.
Article in American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Craniofacial syndromes and class III phenotype: common genotype fingerprints? A scoping review and meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2024Pooled it
- Genetic factors contributing to skeletal class III malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2021Pooled it
- Geometric morphometrics based diagnostic model for Skeletal Class III patients.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Use of X means and C4.5 algorithms on lateral cephalometric measurements to identify craniofacial patterns.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Polymorphisms inJournal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2025Article
- Clustering and Machine Learning Models of Skeletal Class I and II Parameters of Arab Orthodontic Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Phenotypic characterization of Class III malocclusion using three-dimensional analysis on a sample of Yemeni population: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Dental press journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- Is Incisor Compensation Related to Skeletal Discrepancies in Skeletal Class III? A Retrospective Cephalometric Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- East Asian and Southern European craniofacial class III phenotype: two sides of the same coin?Clinical oral investigations · 2024Review
- Evaluation of the mandibular condyles trabecular structure in patients with severe class III pattern: a computed tomography (CT) fractal analysis study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Towards Genetic Dissection of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion: A Review of Genetic Variations Underlying the Phenotype in Humans and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Morphometric analysis of tooth morphology among different malocclusion groups in a hispanic population.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Difference in Using Protrusion Face Mask before or after Rapid Palatal Expansion in Skeletal Class III Children: A Preliminary Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Incisor Occlusion Affects Profile Shape Variation in Middle-Aged Adults.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Sub-clustering in skeletal class III malocclusion phenotypes via principal component analysis in a southern European population.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Novel Sub-Clustering of Class III Skeletal Malocclusion Phenotypes in a Southern European Population Based on Proportional Measurements.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Geometric morphometric analysis of malocclusion on lateral cephalograms in Malaysian population.Anatomy & cell biology · 2019Article
- Linear and Volumetric Mandibular Asymmetries in Adult Patients With Different Skeletal Classes and Vertical Patterns: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Heredity, Genetics and Orthodontics - How Much Has This Research Really Helped?Seminars in orthodontics · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionClass III malocclusion is characterized by a composite of dentoskeletal patterns that lead to the forward positioning of the mandibular teeth in relation to the maxillary teeth and a concave profile. Environmental and genetic factors are associated with this condition, which affects 1% of the population in the United States and imposes significant esthetic and functional burdens on affected persons. The purpose of this study was to capture the phenotypic variation in a large sample of white adults with Class III malocclusion using multivariate reduction methods.
methodsSixty-three lateral cephalometric variables were measured from the pretreatment records of 292 white subjects with Class II malocclusion (126 male, 166 female; ages, 16-57 years). Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to capture the phenotypic variation and identify the most homogeneous groups of subjects to reduce genetic heterogeneity.
resultsPrincipal component analysis resulted in 6 principal components that accounted for 81.2% of the variation. The first 3 components represented variation in mandibular horizontal and vertical positions, maxillary horizontal position, and mandibular incisor angulation. The cluster model identified 5 distinct subphenotypes of Class III malocclusion.
conclusionsA spectrum of phenotypic definitions was obtained replicating results of previous studies and supporting the validity of these phenotypic measures in future research of the genetic and environmental etiologies of Class III malocclusion.
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