ReviewNutrients2013
Multi-copper oxidases and human iron metabolism.
Review in Nutrients, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 197 citations in OpenAlex.
- Iron deficiency and cardiovascular disease: an updated review of the evidence.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2013Pooled it
- The Role of Metals and Trace Elements in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis and Other Rheumatic Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- Exploring and Targeting the Connection of Iron and Copper Homeostasis to Neurodegenerative Diseases.MedComm · 2026Review
- Metal ions in aging and ocular diseases: biology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic strategies.npj aging · 2026Review
- Review
- The Effects of Salicyluric Acid, the Main Metabolite of Aspirin, on Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Iron and Copper Ions in a Lipid Membrane Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Major Antioxidants and Methods for Studying Their Total Activity in Milk: A Review.Methods and protocols · 2025Review
- Discovering the hidden link: hematological disorders caused by copper deficiency.International journal of hematology · 2025Review
- Functional Characterization of the Hephaestin Variant D568H Provides Novel Mechanistic Insights on Iron-Dependent Asbestos-Induced Carcinogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Emerging Ferroptosis Involvement in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis: Neuroprotective Activity of Polyphenols.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Ferroxidase-Permease System for Transport of Iron Across Membranes: From Yeast to Humans.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Construction and Performance Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Based on Serological Markers.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2025Article
- The Effects of Fisetin and Curcumin on Oxidative Damage Caused by Transition Metals in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Comparison of Molecular Potential for Iron Transfer across the Placenta in Domestic Pigs with Varied Litter Sizes and Wild Boars.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Vitamin C-Dependent Uptake of Non-Heme Iron by Enterocytes, Its Impact on Erythropoiesis and Redox Capacity of Human Erythrocytes.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Essential tremor is associated with reduced serum ceruloplasmin levels.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Exploring antioxidant strategies in the pathogenesis of ALS.Open life sciences · 2024Review
- Copper metabolism in osteoarthritis and its relation to oxidative stress and ferroptosis in chondrocytes.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Multi-copper oxidases (MCOs) are a small group of enzymes that oxidize their substrate with the concomitant reduction of dioxygen to two water molecules. Generally, multi-copper oxidases are promiscuous with regards to their reducing substrates and are capable of performing various functions in different species. To date, three multi-copper oxidases have been detected in humans--ceruloplasmin, hephaestin and zyklopen. Each of these enzymes has a high specificity towards iron with the resulting ferroxidase activity being associated with ferroportin, the only known iron exporter protein in humans. Ferroportin exports iron as Fe(2+), but transferrin, the major iron transporter protein of blood, can bind only Fe(3+) effectively. Iron oxidation in enterocytes is mediated mainly by hephaestin thus allowing dietary iron to enter the bloodstream. Zyklopen is involved in iron efflux from placental trophoblasts during iron transfer from mother to fetus. Release of iron from the liver relies on ferroportin and the ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin which is found in blood in a soluble form. Ceruloplasmin, hephaestin and zyklopen show distinctive expression patterns and have unique mechanisms for regulating their expression. These features of human multi-copper ferroxidases can serve as a basis for the precise control of iron efflux in different tissues. In this manuscript, we review the biochemical and biological properties of the three human MCOs and discuss their potential roles in human iron homeostasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.