ArticleThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2013
Novel inflammatory markers, clinical risk factors and virus type associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection.
Article in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influenza and other respiratory viruses: standardizing disease severity in surveillance and clinical trials.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2017Pooled it
- The Human Immune Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Increased frequency of dual-positive TH2/TH17 cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid characterizes a population of patients with severe asthma.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2014Trial
- Neutrophil myeloperoxidase as a functional biomarker for RSV severity: implications for in vitro therapeutic screening.Nature communications · 2026Article
- RSV-NTHi Co-Infection Skews Host Immunity by Suppressing Type I IFN Responses and Enhancing Pro-Inflammatory Responses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Ciliated epithelial cell differentiation at air-liquid interface and respiratory syncytial virus infection using animal-free media and substrates.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Predictive Factors and Clinical Markers of Recurrent Wheezing and Asthma After RSV Infection.Viruses · 2025Review
- Enhanced Pathogenic Consequences Induced by a Seven-Amino-Acid Extension in the G Protein of the HRSV BA9 Genotype.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Lethal model for respiratory syncytial virus infection using C57BL/6 mice.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Exposure to bacterial PAMPs before RSV infection exacerbates innate inflammation and disease via IL-1α and TNF-α.Mucosal immunology · 2024Article
- Infant-derived human nasal organoids exhibit relatively increased susceptibility, epithelial responses, and cytotoxicity during RSV infection.The Journal of infection · 2024Article
- Acute Respiratory Failure in Children: A Clinical Update on Diagnosis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infects Peripheral and Spinal Nerves and Induces Chemokine-Mediated Neuropathy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Differences Between RSV A and RSV B Subgroups and Implications for Pharmaceutical Preventive Measures.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Review
- Disease Severity and Cytokine Expression in the Rhinovirus-Induced First Wheezing Episode.Viruses · 2024Article
- IL-1α is required for T cell-driven weight loss after respiratory viral infection.Mucosal immunology · 2024Article
- Clinical comparison of HMPV and RSV infections in hospitalised Malaysian children: A propensity score matched study.The clinical respiratory journal · 2024Observational
- Pediatric human nose organoids demonstrate greater susceptibility, epithelial responses, and cytotoxicity than adults during RSV infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVirus-induced inflammation contributes to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pathogenesis. We sought to determine the specific mediators that are associated with more severe illness in young children.
methodsChildren ≤ 5 years of age seen in our emergency department for respiratory symptoms from September 1998 to May 2008 were eligible for enrollment. Nasopharyngeal wash samples were collected from all eligible patients, and clinical data were recorded. Individuals were included in this study if nasopharyngeal wash samples were positive for RSV only. Patients enrolled in the study were stratified by disease severity, defined as mild (not hospitalized), moderate (hospitalized) or severe (requiring intensive care unit stay). Concentrations of individual inflammatory biomarkers in nasopharyngeal wash fluids were determined using the Luminex human 30-plex assay.
resultsEight hundred fifty-one patients met study criteria: 268 (31.5%) with mild, 503 (59.1%) with moderate and 80 (9.4%) with severe illness. As expected, illness severity was directly associated with young age, prematurity, heart or lung disease, infection with RSV group A and elevated concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2R, IL-6, CXCL8, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-α, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL2. In addition, we report several novel and mechanistically important inflammatory biomarkers of severe RSV disease, including IL-1β, IL1-RA, IL-7, epidermal growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor.
conclusionsIn a large, longitudinal study (10 years, 851 enrolled patients) limited to RSV infection only, in which well-known risk factors are confirmed, we identified 5 novel biomarkers specifically of severe disease. These markers may ultimately serve to elucidate disease mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.