ReviewBMC medicine2013
New insights into mechanisms behind miscarriage.
Review in BMC medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 270 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
270 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 606 citations in OpenAlex.
- Progestogen therapy in threatened miscarriage and unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: Recommendations by the Thai interest group.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2025Guideline
- Vaginal probiotics as therapeutic adjuncts for improving embryo transfer success rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- Shoutai pills for treating recurrent miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the safety and clinical efficacy in 11 randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of therapeutic interventions for idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The Predictive Significance of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for Miscarriage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal alcohol consumption and the risk of miscarriage in the first and second trimesters: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2023Pooled it
- Association of periconceptional or pregnancy exposure of HPV vaccination and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2022Pooled it
- Towards deep phenotyping pregnancy: a systematic review on artificial intelligence and machine learning methods to improve pregnancy outcomes.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2021Pooled it
- Antithrombotic therapy to prevent recurrent pregnancy loss in antiphospholipid syndrome-What is the evidence?Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of female lifestyle factors and risk of recurrent pregnancy loss.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- The Effect of Endometrial Thickness on Pregnancy, Maternal, and Perinatal Outcomes of Women in Fresh Cycles After IVF/ICSI: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- The genetic architecture of sporadic and multiple consecutive miscarriage.Nature communications · 2020Pooled it
- Preconception sleep, pregnancy loss, and adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with a history of pregnancy loss.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2025Trial
- Assessing the efficacy and safety of SildenafilJournal of medicine and life · 2023Trial
- Discrimination and risk of spontaneous abortion in a preconception cohort study.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Molecular Regulation of Post-Hatching Embryo Development: Implications for Early Pregnancy Losses in Livestock Species.Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene · 2026Review
- Elevated contractility drives implantation failure in mouse embryos from aged females.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
- Critical Windows of Air Pollution Exposure During Spermatogenesis and Intrauterine Insemination Outcomes.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
- The Fallopian tube: Biosensor and dynamic regulator of preimplantation development.PNAS nexus · 2026Review
210 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sporadic miscarriage is the most common complication of early pregnancy. Two or three consecutive pregnancy losses is a less common phenomenon, and this is considered a distinct disease entity. Sporadic miscarriages are considered to primarily represent failure of abnormal embryos to progress to viability. Recurrent miscarriage is thought to have multiple etiologies, including parental chromosomal anomalies, maternal thrombophilic disorders, immune dysfunction and various endocrine disturbances. However, none of these conditions is specific to recurrent miscarriage or always associated with repeated early pregnancy loss. In recent years, new theories about the mechanisms behind sporadic and recurrent miscarriage have emerged. Epidemiological and genetic studies suggest a multifactorial background where immunological dysregulation in pregnancy may play a role, as well as lifestyle factors and changes in sperm DNA integrity. Recent experimental evidence has led to the concept that the decidualized endometrium acts as biosensor of embryo quality, which if disrupted, may lead to implantation of embryos destined to miscarry. These new insights into the mechanisms behind miscarriage offer the prospect of novel effective interventions that may prevent this distressing condition.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.