ArticleDiabetes2013
HLA class II genotyping of African American type 1 diabetic patients reveals associations unique to African haplotypes.
Article in Diabetes, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationships between HLA class II alleles and antigens with gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in African Americans provides insights into the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes.PLoS genetics · 2014Pooled it
- [Role of HLA genetic variants in autoimmune diseases].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Review
- Heterogeneity in clinically diagnosed type 1 diabetes: characterising a unique cohort with maintained C-peptide secretion in Ghana.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Etiologic Determinants and Characteristics of Diabetes in Haitian Youth (EDDHY Study).Pediatric diabetes · 2025Article
- African regional and national burden of diabetes mellitus and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021: results from the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Does HLA explain the high incidence of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in the Canary Islands? The role of Asp57 DQB1 molecules.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Fifty years of HLA-associated type 1 diabetes risk: history, current knowledge, and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- A genomic data archive from the Network for Pancreatic Organ donors with Diabetes.Scientific data · 2023Article
- Article
- The phenotype of type 1 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Association between alleles, haplotypes, and amino acid variations in HLA class II genes and type 1 diabetes in Kuwaiti children.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Clinical features, biochemistry, and HLA-DRB1 status in youth-onset type 1 diabetes in Mali.Pediatric diabetes · 2022Article
- Type 1 diabetes in diverse ancestries and the use of genetic risk scores.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2022Review
- Article
- HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 Alleles, Haplotypes and Genotypes in Emirati Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Underscores the Benefits of Evaluating Understudied Populations.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Class II Human Leukocyte Antigen Variants Associate With Risk of Pegaspargase Hypersensitivity.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2021Article
- Clinical features, biochemistry, and HLA-DRB1 status in youth-onset type 1 diabetes in Sudan.Pediatric diabetes · 2021Article
- Partners in Crime: Beta-Cells and Autoimmune Responses Complicit in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
HLA genotyping was performed in African American type 1 diabetic patients (n = 772) and controls (n = 1,641) in the largest study of African Americans and type 1 diabetes reported to date. Cases were from Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland and from existing collections (Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium [T1DGC], Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications [DCCT/EDIC], and Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes [GoKinD]). Controls were from the T1DGC and from newborn bloodspot cards. The diversity of HLA DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 haplotypes and genotypes is far greater than that found in Europeans and European Americans. Association analyses replicated many type 1 diabetes risk effects of European-derived haplotypes but also revealed novel effects for African-derived haplotypes. Notably, the African-specific "DR3" haplotype DRB1*03:02-DQA1*04:01-DQB1*04:02 is protective for type 1 diabetes, in contrast to the common and highly-susceptible DR3 DRB1*03:01-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01. Both DRB1*07:01 and DRB1*13:03 haplotypes are predisposing when they include DQA1*03:01-DQB1*02:01g but are protective with DQA1*02:01-DQB1*02:01g. The heterozygous DR4/DR9 genotype, containing the African-derived "DR9" haplotype DRB1*09:01-DQA1*03:01-DQB1*02:01g, exhibits extremely high risk (odds ratio = 30.88), approaching that for DR3/DR4 in European populations. Disease risk assessment for African Americans differs greatly from risk assessment in European populations. This has profound implications on risk screening programs and underscores the need for high-resolution genotyping of multiple populations for the rational design of screening programs with tests that will fairly represent the population being screened.
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