ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2013
β-endorphin via the delta opioid receptor is a major factor in the incubation of cocaine craving.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- High frequency deep transcranial magnetic stimulation acutely increases β-endorphins in obese humans.Endocrine · 2019Trial
- Aged mice exhibit faster acquisition of intravenous opioid self-administration with variable effects on intake.Neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Neurobiology of the incubation of drug craving: An update.Pharmacological reviews · 2025Review
- Give me five! A modern perspective on addiction from the up-dated Freudian drive theory.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Opioid drug seeking after early-life adversity: a role for delta opioid receptors.Addiction neuroscience · 2024Article
- Effects of sex and estrous cycle on extended-access oxycodone self-administration and cue-induced drug seeking behavior.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
- Preventing incubation of drug craving to treat drug relapse: from bench to bedside.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- Remarks to the Comments on Paper "The Development of Pathological Dependence after Intermittent Use of Sodium Glutamate, but Not Sucrose or Sodium Chloride Solutions" by S. Yoshida and M. Komura.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2021Article
- The Role of Beta-Endorphin in Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference, Its Extinction, and Reinstatement in Male and Female Mice.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Article
- Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Article
- MP1104, a mixed kappa-delta opioid receptor agonist has anti-cocaine properties with reduced side-effects in rats.Neuropharmacology · 2019Article
- Increased cocaine reward in offspring of females exposed to morphine during adolescence.Psychopharmacology · 2019Article
- Borderline personality disorder and childhood trauma: exploring the affected biological systems and mechanisms.BMC psychiatry · 2017Review
- Molecular Pharmacology of δ-Opioid Receptors.Pharmacological reviews · 2016Review
- Synaptic mechanisms underlying persistent cocaine craving.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2016Review
- Combination of Levo-Tetrahydropalmatine and Low Dose Naltrexone: A Promising Treatment for Prevention of Cocaine Relapse.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2016Article
- The Nociceptin Receptor as an Emerging Molecular Target for Cocaine Addiction.Progress in molecular biology and translational science · 2016Review
- The opioid receptors as targets for drug abuse medication.British journal of pharmacology · 2015Review
- Role of DNA methylation in the nucleus accumbens in incubation of cocaine craving.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cue-induced cocaine craving intensifies, or 'incubates', during the first few weeks of abstinence and persists over extended periods of time. One important factor implicated in cocaine addiction is the endogenous opioid β-endorphin. In the present study, we examined the possible involvement of β-endorphin in the incubation of cocaine craving. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine (0.75 mg/kg, 10 days, 6 h/day), followed by either a 1-day or a 30-day period of forced abstinence. Subsequent testing for cue-induced cocaine-seeking behavior (without cocaine reinforcement) was performed. Rats exposed to the drug-associated cue on day 1 of forced abstinence demonstrated minimal cue-induced cocaine-seeking behavior concurrently with a significant increase in β-endorphin release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Conversely, exposure to the cue on day 30 increased cocaine seeking, while β-endorphin levels remained unchanged. Intra-NAc infusion of an anti-β-endorphin antibody (4 μg) on day 1 increased cue-induced cocaine seeking, whereas infusion of a synthetic β-endorphin peptide (100 ng) on day 30 significantly decreased cue response. Both intra-NAc infusions of the δ opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole (1 μg) on day 1 and naltrindole together with β-endorphin on day 30 increased cue-induced cocaine-seeking behavior. Intra-NAc infusion of the μ opioid receptor antagonist CTAP (30 ng and 3 μg) had no behavioral effect. Altogether, these results demonstrate a novel role for β-endorphin and the δ opioid receptor in the development of the incubation of cocaine craving.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.