ArticleArthritis research & therapy2013
Increased frequency of circulating IL-21 producing Th-cells in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- BAFF and APRIL signaling in the B-cell lineage: implications for the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Circulating peripheral helper T cells are expanded and associate with disease activity in granulomatosis with polyangiitis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Impaired humoral and T helper cell responses to toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) in granulomatosis with polyangiitis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Granulomatous Reactions Following the Injection of Multiple Aesthetic Microimplants: A Complication Associated with Excessive Filler Exposure in a Predisposed Patient.Reports (MDPI) · 2025Article
- Kv1.3 blockade by ShK186 modulates CD4+ effector memory T-cell activity of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- T follicular helper cells and T follicular regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- A glance into the future of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2022Review
- Neutrophils in ANCA-associated vasculitis: Mechanisms and implications for management.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Predictive Ability of Serum IL-27 Level for Assessing Activity of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis.Mediators of inflammation · 2021Article
- Immunopathogenesis of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- ANCA-associated vasculitis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2020Review
- Longitudinal immune cell monitoring identified CD14Arthritis research & therapy · 2020Article
- T Cells in Autoimmunity-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- T-lymphocyte in ANCA-associated vasculitis: what do we know? A pathophysiological and therapeutic approach.Clinical kidney journal · 2019Article
- Unraveling the identity of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis patients.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Serum interleukin-21 positivity could indicate the current activity of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a monocentric prospective study.Clinical rheumatology · 2019Article
- Imbalance of Circulatory T Follicular Helper and T Follicular Regulatory Cells in Patients with ANCA-Associated Vasculitis.Mediators of inflammation · 2019Article
- T Follicular Regulatory Cells and Antibody Responses in Transplantation.Transplantation · 2018Review
- Pathogenesis of ANCA-Associated Pulmonary Vasculitis.Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine · 2018Review
- Pathogenetic and Clinical Aspects of Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody-Associated Vasculitides.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe present study aimed to explore a possible role for IL-21 producing Th-cells in the immunopathogenesis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).
methodsPeripheral blood from 42 GPA patients in remission and 29 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were stimulated in vitro, and the frequencies of IL-21 producing Th-cells were determined by flow cytometry. Since Th17-cells produce a low level of IL-21, IL-17 was also included in the analysis. Given that IL-21 is a hallmark cytokine for T follicular helper cells (T(FH)), we next evaluated the expression of their key transcription factor BCL-6 by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. To investigate the effect of IL-21 on autoantibody-production, PBMCs from GPA patients were stimulated in vitro with BAFF/IL-21 and total IgG and ANCA levels were measured in supernatants. In addition, the expression of IL-21-receptor on B-cells was analyzed.
resultsPercentages of IL-21 producing Th-cells were significantly elevated in GPA-patients compared to HCs, and were restricted to ANCA-positive patients. The expression of BCL-6 was significantly higher in ANCA-positive GPA-patients, as compared with ANCA-negative patients and HCs. IL-21 enhanced the production of IgG and ANCA in vitro in stimulated PBMCs from GPA patients. No difference was found in the expression of the IL-21-receptor on B-cells between ANCA-negative patients, ANCA-positive patients, and HCs.
conclusionThe increased frequency of circulating IL-21 producing Th-cells in ANCA-positive GPA patients and the stimulating capacity of IL-21 on ANCA-production suggest a role for these cells in the immunopathogenesis of GPA. Blockade of IL-21 could constitute a new therapeutic strategy for GPA.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.