ArticlePloS one2013
Uptake and intracellular trafficking of superantigens in dendritic cells.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Dendritic Cells in Adaptive Immune Response Induced by OVA/PDDA Nanoparticles.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Two homologous sequences of Grp78 and HSP70 represent tumor antigens shared with streptococcal superantigens in eliciting an antitumor immune response: an immunoinformatic investigation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Staphylococcal Enterotoxins: Description and Importance in Food.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Group AInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Superantigens, a Paradox of the Immune Response.Toxins · 2022Review
- Pasteurella multocida toxin - lessons learned from a mitogenic toxin.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Endogenous HLA-DQ8αβ programs superantigens (SEG/SEI) to silence toxicity and unleash a tumoricidal network with long-term melanoma survival.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Article
- CD8αImmunology · 2020Article
- Heterologous Chimeric Construct Comprising a Modified Bacterial Superantigen and a Cruzipain Domain Confers Protection AgainstFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin A-Stimulated Monocytes Mediate Regulatory T-Cell Accumulation through PD-L1 and Kynurenine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Differential Roles of Dendritic Cells in Expanding CD4 T Cells in Sepsis.Biomedicines · 2019Article
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- The retrovirus/superantigen hypothesis of multiple sclerosis.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2014Review
- Disease manifestations and pathogenic mechanisms of Group A Streptococcus.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacterial superantigens (SAgs) are exotoxins produced mainly by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes that can cause toxic shock syndrome (TSS). According to current paradigm, SAgs interact directly and simultaneously with T cell receptor (TCR) on the T cell and MHC class II (MHC-II) on the antigen-presenting cell (APC), thereby circumventing intracellular processing to trigger T cell activation. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs that coat nearly all body surfaces and are the most probable candidate to interact with SAgs. We demonstrate that SAgs are taken up by mouse DCs without triggering DC maturation. SAgs were found in intracellular acidic compartment of DCs as biologically active molecules. Moreover, SAgs co-localized with EEA1, RAB-7 and LAMP-2, at different times, and were then recycled to the cell membrane. DCs loaded with SAgs are capable of triggering in vitro lymphocyte proliferation and, injected into mice, stimulate T cells bearing the proper TCR in draining lymph nodes. Transportation and trafficking of SAgs in DCs might increase the local concentration of these exotoxins where they will produce the highest effect by promoting their encounter with both MHC-II and TCR in lymph nodes, and may explain how just a few SAg molecules can induce the severe pathology associated with TSS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.