ArticlePloS one2013
Antibody levels to persistent pathogens and incident stroke in Mexican Americans.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sero-epidemiological studies of pathogen burden: A scoping review.Wellcome open research · 2026Pooled it
- Association between Helicobacter Pylori infection and stroke: a meta-analysis of 273,135 patients.Journal of neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Review
- Human Cytomegalovirus and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease in United Kingdom Biobank.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and arterial stiffness: Results from a large cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2019Article
- H. pylori infection and extra-gastroduodenal diseases.Journal of biomedical science · 2018Review
- Viral and parasitic pathogen burden and the association with stroke in a population-based cohort.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2018Article
- Molecular mimicry inWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2017Review
- Putative consequences of exposure to Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with coronary heart disease in terms of humoral immune response and inflammation.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2016Article
- Unpacking the 'black box' of total pathogen burden: is number or type of pathogens most predictive of all-cause mortality in the United States?Epidemiology and infection · 2015Article
- Helicobacter pylori vs coronary heart disease - searching for connections.World journal of cardiology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPersistent pathogens have been proposed as risk factors for stroke; however, the evidence remains inconclusive. Mexican Americans have an increased risk of stroke especially at younger ages, as well as a higher prevalence of infections caused by several persistent pathogens. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL: Findings Using data from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (n = 1621), the authors used discrete-time regression to examine associations between stroke risk and (1) immunoglobulin G antibody levels to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), Cytomegalovirus, Varicella Zoster Virus, Toxoplasma gondii and Herpes simplex virus 1, and (2) concurrent exposure to several pathogens (pathogen burden), defined as: (a) summed sero-positivity, (b) number of pathogens eliciting high antibody levels, and (c) average antibody level. Models were adjusted for socio-demographics and stroke risk factors. Antibody levels to H. pylori predicted incident stroke in fully adjusted models (Odds Ratio: 1.58; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.09, 2.28). No significant associations were found between stroke risk and antibody levels to the other four pathogens. No associations were found for pathogen burden and incident stroke in fully adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results suggest that exposure to H. pylori may be a stroke risk factor in Mexican Americans and may contribute to ethnic differences in stroke risk given the increased prevalence of exposure to H. pylori in this population. Future studies are needed to confirm this association.
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Registered trials
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