ArticleInfection and immunity2013
Staphopains modulate Staphylococcus aureus biofilm integrity.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Pathoadaptive evolution and clonal dissemination of community- associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Egypt.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The secreted proteasesVirulence · 2025Article
- Punicalagin inhibits Staphylococcus aureus growth and biofilm formation: integrated omics reveals potential mechanisms.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress-Mediated Repression of Virulence Gene Transcription and Biofilm Formation as Antibacterial Action ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Staphopain mediated virulence and antibiotic resistance alteration in co-infection of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: an animal model.BMC biotechnology · 2024Article
- Attachment of Proteolytic Enzyme Inhibitors to Vascular Prosthesis-An Analysis of Binding and Antimicrobial Properties.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Metabolic diversity of human macrophages: potential influence onInfection and immunity · 2024Article
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- Strategy to combat biofilms: a focus on biofilm dispersal enzymes.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2023Review
- Ficin-Cyclodextrin-Based Docking Nanoarchitectonics of Self-Propelled Nanomotors for Bacterial Biofilm Eradication.Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society · 2023Article
- Using next generation antimicrobials to target the mechanisms of infection.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2023Review
- Microscopy-based phenotypic profiling of infection by Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates reveals intracellular lifestyle as a prevalent feature.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Role of Staphylococcus aureus Formate Metabolism during Prosthetic Joint Infection.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Zinc oxide nanoparticles reduce biofilm formation, synergize antibiotics action and attenuate Staphylococcus aureus virulence in host; an important message to clinicians.BMC microbiology · 2022Article
- Dibenzyl (benzo [d] thiazol-2-yl (hydroxy) methyl) phosphonate (DBTMP) showing anti-S. aureus and anti-biofilm properties by elevating activities of serine protease (SspA) and cysteine protease staphopain B (SspB).Archives of microbiology · 2022Article
- Secretory Proteases of the Human Skin Microbiome.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a known cause of chronic biofilm infections that can reside on medical implants or host tissue. Recent studies have demonstrated an important role for proteinaceous material in the biofilm structure. The S. aureus genome encodes many secreted proteases, and there is growing evidence that these enzymes have self-cleavage properties that alter biofilm integrity. However, the specific contribution of each protease and mechanism of biofilm modulation is not clear. To address this issue, we utilized a sigma factor B (ΔsigB) mutant where protease activity results in a biofilm-negative phenotype, thereby creating a condition where the protease(s) responsible for the phenotype could be identified. Using a plasma-coated microtiter assay, biofilm formation was restored to the ΔsigB mutant through the addition of the cysteine protease inhibitor E-64 or by using Staphostatin inhibitors that specifically target the extracellular cysteine proteases SspB and ScpA (called Staphopains). Through construction of gene deletion mutants, we determined that an sspB scpA double mutant restored ΔsigB biofilm formation, and this recovery could be replicated in plasma-coated flow cell biofilms. Staphopain levels were also found to be decreased under biofilm-forming conditions, possibly allowing biofilm establishment. The treatment of S. aureus biofilms with purified SspB or ScpA enzyme inhibited their formation, and ScpA was also able to disperse an established biofilm. The antibiofilm properties of ScpA were conserved across S. aureus strain lineages. These findings suggest an underappreciated role of the SspB and ScpA cysteine proteases in modulating S. aureus biofilm architecture.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.