ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
An exogenous retrovirus isolated from koalas with malignant neoplasias in a US zoo.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the association between koala retrovirus and primary bone neoplasia in koalas (Veterinary pathology · 2026Article
- First report of systemic round cell tumor, suspected lymphoma, in a wild Amami rabbit (Pentalagus furnessi) from Tokunoshima Island.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2025Article
- Elevated oncogene expressions in koala infected with multiple koala retrovirus subtypes: a preliminary study.Virus genes · 2025Article
- Endogenous Retroviruses in Host-Virus Coevolution: From Genomic Domestication to Functional Innovation.Genes · 2025Review
- Crossing Wallace's line: an evolutionarily young gibbon ape leukemia virus like endogenous retrovirus identified from the Philippine flying lemur (Cynocephalus volans).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- New insights into the range and transmission dynamics of a koala gammaherpesvirus, phascolarctid gammaherpesvirus 2.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- piRNA Defense Against Endogenous Retroviruses.Viruses · 2024Review
- A preliminary study of gene expression changes in Koalas Infected with Koala Retrovirus (KoRV) and identification of potential biomarkers for KoRV pathogenesis.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- The Utility of the Koala Scat: A Scoping Review.Biology · 2024Article
- Development of KoRV-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors for efficient gene transfer into freshly isolated immune cells.Gene therapy · 2024Article
- FeLIX is a restriction factor for mammalian retrovirus infection.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Expanding the known distribution of phascolartid gammaherpesvirus 1 in koalas to populations across Queensland and New South Wales.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- GALV-KoRV-related retroviruses in diverse Australian and African rodent species.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Investigation of koala retrovirus in captive koalas with pneumonia and comparative analysis of subtype distribution.Archives of virology · 2023Article
- Genome mining shows that retroviruses are pervasively invading vertebrate genomes.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Reduction ofVaccine: X · 2023Article
- Milk Transmission of Mammalian Retroviruses.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Unique Structure and Distinctive Properties of the Ancient and Ubiquitous Gamma-Type Envelope Glycoprotein.Viruses · 2023Review
- Development of diagnostic and point of care assays for a gammaherpesvirus infecting koalas.PloS one · 2023Article
- Diversity and transmission of koala retrovirus: a case study in three captive koala populations.Scientific reports · 2022Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Leukemia and lymphoma account for more than 60% of deaths in captive koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in northeastern Australia. Although the endogenizing gammaretrovirus koala endogenous retrovirus (KoRV) was isolated from these koalas, KoRV has not been definitively associated with leukemogenesis. We performed KoRV screening in koalas from the San Diego Zoo, maintained for more than 45 y with very limited outbreeding, and the Los Angeles Zoo, maintained by continuously assimilating captive-born Australian koalas. San Diego Zoo koalas are currently free of malignant neoplasias and were infected with only endogenous KoRV, which we now term subtype "KoRV-A," whereas Los Angeles Zoo koalas with lymphomas/leukemias are infected in addition to KoRV-A by a unique KoRV we term subtype "KoRV-B." KoRV-B is most divergent in the envelope protein and uses a host receptor distinct from KoRV-A. KoRV-B also has duplicated enhancer regions in the LTR associated with increased pathology in gammaretroviruses. Whereas KoRV-A uses the sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1 (PiT1) as a receptor, KoRV-B employs a different receptor, the thiamine transporter 1 (THTR1), to infect cells. KoRV-B is transmitted from dam to offspring through de novo infection, rather than via genetic inheritance like KoRV-A. Detection of KoRV-B in native Australian koalas should provide a history, and a mode for remediation, of leukemia/lymphoma currently endemic in this population.
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