ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2013
Understanding the disparity: predictors of virologic failure in women using highly active antiretroviral therapy vary by race and/or ethnicity.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depressive Symptoms and HIV Viral Suppression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- The State of Adherence to HIV Care in Black Women.The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANACPooled it
- Integrase inhibitor versus protease inhibitor based regimen for HIV-1 infected women (WAVES): a randomised, controlled, double-blind, phase 3 study.The lancet. HIV · 2016Trial
- A Substance Abuse, Violence and Unhealthy Alcohol Use Syndemic Predicts Depression: A Longitudinal Study of Black Women Living With HIV in Four US Cities.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Gender and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in HIV Care and Viral Suppression at Jail Entry.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Spatial and temporal analysis of HIV clinical outcomes in Florida reveals counties with persistent racial and ethnic disparities during 2012-2019.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Identification of Social and Racial Disparities in Risk of HIV Infection in Florida using Causal AI Methods.Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine · 2022Article
- All-cause hospitalization according to demographic group in people living with HIV in the current antiretroviral therapy era.AIDS (London, England) · 2021Article
- Wisdom Matters: Honoring the Wisdom and Assessing the Health Literacy of Black Women Living with HIV.Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities · 2021Article
- Economic Burden Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV or Living Without HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Article
- Self-reported depression and social support are associated with egocentric network characteristics of HIV-infected women of color.BMC women's health · 2020Article
- All-cause mortality after antiretroviral therapy initiation in HIV-positive women from Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- Better executive function is independently associated with full HIV suppression during combination therapy.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Observational
- Patterns of social determinants of health associated with drug use among women living with HIV in Canada: a latent class analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Article
- Social and Structural Determinants of HIV Treatment and Care Among Hispanic Women and Latinas Living with HIV Infection in the United States: A Qualitative Review: 2008-2018.Health equity · 2019Review
- Enacted HIV-related stigma and breast-health beliefs and practices among African American women living with HIV: The mediating roles of internalized HIV-related stigma and depressive symptoms.Stigma and health · 2018Article
- Identifying Spatial Variation Along the HIV Care Continuum: The Role of Distance to Care on Retention and Viral Suppression.AIDS and behavior · 2018Article
- Striving Towards Empowerment and Medication Adherence (STEP-AD): A Tailored Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Approach for Black Women Living With HIV.Cognitive and behavioral practice · 2018Article
- Healthcare Empowerment and HIV Viral Control: Mediating Roles of Adherence and Retention in Care.American journal of preventive medicine · 2018Article
- HIV outcomes among migrants from low-income and middle-income countries living in high-income countries: a review of recent evidence.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStark racial/ethnic disparities in health outcomes exist among those living with HIV in the United States. One of 3 primary goals of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy is to reduce HIV-related disparities and health inequities.
methodsUsing data from HIV-infected women participating in the Women's Interagency HIV Study from April 2006 to March 2011, we measured virologic failure (HIV RNA >200 copies/mL) after suppression (HIV RNA < 80 copies/mL) on highly active antiretroviral therapy. We identified predictors of virologic failure using discrete time survival analysis and calculated racial/ethnic-specific population-attributable fractions (PAFs).
resultsOf 887 eligible women, 408 (46%) experienced virologic failure during the study period. Hispanic and white women had significantly lower hazards of virologic failure than African American women [Hispanic hazard ratio, (HR) = 0.8, 95% confidence interval: (0.6 to 0.9); white HR = 0.7 (0.5 to 0.9)]. The PAF of virologic failure associated with low income was higher in Hispanic [adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) = 2.2 (0.7 to 6.5), PAF = 49%] and African American women [aHR = 1.8 (1.1 to 3.2), PAF = 38%] than among white women [aHR = 1.4 (0.6 to 3.4), PAF = 16%]. Lack of health insurance compared with public health insurance was associated with virologic failure only among Hispanic [aHR = 2.0 (0.9 to 4.6), PAF = 22%] and white women [aHR = 1.9 (0.7 to 5.1), PAF = 13%]. By contrast, depressive symptoms were associated with virologic failure only among African-American women [aHR = 1.6 (1.2 to 2.2), PAF = 17%].
conclusionsIn this population of treated HIV-infected women, virologic failure was common, and correlates of virologic failure varied by race/ethnicity. Strategies to reduce disparities in HIV treatment outcomes by race/ethnicity should address racial/ethnic-specific barriers including depression and low income to sustain virologic suppression.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.