ArticleJournal of innate immunity2014
Thymosin α1 activates complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis in human monocyte-derived macrophages.
Article in Journal of innate immunity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of thymosin α1 as immunomodulatory treatment for sepsis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Pooled it
- Aging and Thymosin Alpha-1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Potential ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing combined with proteomics of infected macrophages reveals prothymosin-α as a target for treatment of apical periodontitis.Journal of advanced research · 2024Article
- Clinical practice of sepsis-induced immunosuppression: Current immunotherapy and future options.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2024Review
- Thymosin α1 and Its Role in Viral Infectious Diseases: The Mechanism and Clinical Application.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Identification and determination of structurally related peptide impurities in thymalfasin by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2022Article
- Essential Oil fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Immune therapy in sepsis: Are we ready to try again?Journal of the Intensive Care Society · 2018Review
- Thymosin α1 Interacts with Hyaluronic Acid Electrostatically by Its Terminal Sequence LKEKK.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- On PAMPs and DAMPs.Journal of innate immunity · 2016Article
- Foodies of Innate Immunity.Journal of innate immunity · 2015Article
- Surveillance and countermeasures in innate immunity.Journal of innate immunity · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thymosin α1 (Tα1) is a naturally occurring thymic peptide used worldwide in clinical trials for the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. The immunomodulatory activity of Tα1 on innate immunity effector cells has been extensively described, but its mechanism of action is not completely understood. We report that Tα1-exposed human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) assume the typical activated morphology also exhibited by lipopolysaccharide-activated MDMs, but show a comparatively higher ability of internalizing fluorescent beads and zymosan particles. Tα1 exposure also promptly and dramatically stimulates MDM phagocytosis and killing of Aspergillus niger conidia starting as soon as 30 min after challenge. The effect is dose dependent and early coupled to low transcription of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 and unmodified Toll-like receptor expression. The Tα1-stimulated phagocytosis is strictly dependent on the integrity of the microtubule network and protein kinase C activity and occurs by a variation in the classic zipper model, with recruitment of vinculin and actin at the phagosome exhibiting a punctate distribution. These findings indicate that, in human mature MDMs, Tα1 implements pathogen internalization and killing via the stimulation of the complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Our observations document that Tα1 is an early and potent activator of innate immunity and reinforce the concept of its pleiotropy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.