ArticleBMJ open2013
Gender differences in the association of individual social class and neighbourhood unemployment rate with prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study from the DIAB-CORE consortium.
Article in BMJ open, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association of unemployment with glucose metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of public health · 2018Pooled it
- A health inequality impact assessment from reduction in overweight and obesity.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Sex differences and correlates of poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Brazil and Venezuela.BMJ open · 2019Article
- Study protocol: a pragmatic, stepped-wedge trial of tailored support for implementing social determinants of health documentation/action in community health centers, with realist evaluation.Implementation science : IS · 2019Article
- Observational
- Temporal trends in educational inequalities in non-communicable diseases in Korea, 2007-2015.PloS one · 2017Article
- Sex Differences in Financial Barriers and the Relationship to Recovery After Acute Myocardial Infarction.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2016Observational
- Are spouses' socio-economic classifications interchangeable? Examining the consequences of a commonly used practice in studies on social inequalities in health.International journal of public health · 2015Article
- Effect of socio-economic status on the prevalence of diabetes.Yonsei medical journal · 2015Article
- Correlates of prediabetes and type II diabetes in US South Asians: findings from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study.Annals of epidemiology · 2015Article
- Factors associated with a diabetes diagnosis and late diabetes diagnosis for males and females.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2014Article
- Article
- Sex differences in type 2 diabetes: focus on disease course and outcomes.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2014Review
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 10 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo analyse gender differences in the relationship of individual social class, employment status and neighbourhood unemployment rate with present type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
designFive cross-sectional studies.
settingStudies were conducted in five regions of Germany from 1997 to 2006.
participantsThe sample consisted of 8871 individuals residing in 226 neighbourhoods from five urban regions. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalent T2DM.
resultsWe found significant multiplicative interactions between gender and the individual variables--social class and employment status. Social class was statistically significantly associated with T2DM in men and women, whereby this association was stronger in women (lower vs higher social class: OR 2.68 (95% CIs 1.66 to 4.34)) than men (lower vs higher social class: OR 1.78 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.58)). Significant associations of employment status and T2DM were only found in women (unemployed vs employed: OR 1.73 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.92); retired vs employed: OR 1.77 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.84); others vs employed: OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.67)). Neighbourhood unemployment rate was associated with T2DM in men (high vs low tertile: OR 1.52 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.96)). Between-study and between-neighbourhood variations in T2DM prevalence were more pronounced in women. The considered covariates helped to explain statistically the variation in T2DM prevalence among men, but not among women.
conclusionsSocial class was inversely associated with T2DM in both men and women, whereby the association was more pronounced in women. Employment status only affected T2DM in women. Neighbourhood unemployment rate is an important predictor of T2DM in men, but not in women.
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