ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2013
Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) to measure changes in nociceptive behavior.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cdk5 modulates orofacial pain through P2X2/3 purinergic receptor-mediated signaling in trigeminal neurons.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- A mouse model of classical trigeminal neuralgia via intradural compression of the trigeminal nerve.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Preclinical perspectives on disorders of the temporomandibular joint: Tracing the past, navigating the present, and shaping the future.The journal of pain · 2025Review
- Assessing Orofacial Pain Behaviors in Animal Models: A Review.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Influence of TRPV1 on Thermal Nociception in Rats with Temporomandibular Joint Persistent Inflammation Evaluated by the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD).Journal of pain research · 2023Article
- Effects of Oxaliplatin on Facial Sensitivity to Cool Temperatures and TRPM8 Expressing Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons in Mice.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A novel rat model of temporomandibular disorder with improved face and construct validities.Life sciences · 2021Article
- Preclinical models of deep craniofacial nociception and temporomandibular disorder pain.The Japanese dental science review · 2021Review
- Pain sensitivity increases with sleep disturbance under predictable chronic mild stress in mice.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Sweet-Tasting Ionic Conjugates of Local Anesthetics and Vasoconstrictors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Convergent Neuroscience of Affective Pain and Substance Use Disorder.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2021Review
- Pharmacological Characterization of Orofacial Nociception in Female Rats Following Nitroglycerin Administration.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Animal models of migraine and experimental techniques used to examine trigeminal sensory processing.The journal of headache and pain · 2019Review
- Core Outcome Measures in Preclinical Assessment of Candidate Analgesics.Pharmacological reviews · 2019Review
- CGRP Induces Differential Regulation of Cytokines from Satellite Glial Cells in Trigeminal Ganglia and Orofacial Nociception.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Pain control through selective chemo-axotomy of centrally projecting TRPV1+ sensory neurons.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2018Article
- Effects of cocoa-enriched diet on orofacial pain in a murine model.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2017Article
- Sex differences in mouse Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel, Subfamily M, Member 8 expressing trigeminal ganglion neurons.PloS one · 2017Article
- Trigeminal neuroplasticity underlies allodynia in a preclinical model of mild closed head traumatic brain injury (cTBI).Neuropharmacology · 2016Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We present an operant system for the detection of pain in awake, conscious rodents. The Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) assesses pain behaviors in a more clinically relevant way by not relying on reflex-based measures of nociception. Food fasted, hairless (or shaved) rodents are placed into a Plexiglas chamber which has two Peltier-based thermodes that can be programmed to any temperature between 7 °C and 60 °C. The rodent is trained to make contact with these in order to access a reward bottle. During a session, a number of behavioral pain outcomes are automatically recorded and saved. These measures include the number of reward bottle activations (licks) and facial contact stimuli (face contacts), but custom measures like the lick/face ratio (total number of licks per session/total number of contacts) can also be created. The stimulus temperature can be set to a single temperature or multiple temperatures within a session. The OPAD is a high-throughput, easy to use operant assay which will lead to better translation of pain research in the future as it includes cortical input instead of relying on spinal reflex-based nociceptive assays.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.