ArticleChemico-biological interactions2013
Connecting glutathione with immune responses to occupational methylene diphenyl diisocyanate exposure.
Article in Chemico-biological interactions, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomonitoring for Occupational Exposure to Diisocyanates: A Systematic Review.Annals of work exposures and health · 2020Pooled it
- Circular RNA hsa_circ_0099188 regulates inducible nitric oxide synthase and chemokine transcription in macrophages by targeting the hsa-miR-381-3p/PPP3CA and hsa-miR-381-3p/KLF4 pathways in response to 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate-glutathione conjugate exposure.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Circular RNACells · 2024Article
- Human keratinocyte response to 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate-glutathione conjugate exposure.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems · 2024Article
- Lung Gene Expression Suggests Roles for Interferon-Stimulated Genes and Adenosine Deaminase Acting against RNA-1 in Pathologic Responses to Diisocyanate.Chemical research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Glutathione reactivity with aliphatic polyisocyanates.PloS one · 2022Article
- MicroRNA-mediated calcineurin signaling activation induces CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, IL8, and chemotactic activities in 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate exposed macrophages.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems · 2021Article
- Acute 4,4'-Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate Exposure-Mediated Downregulation of miR-206-3p and miR-381-3p Activates Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Transcription by Targeting Calcineurin/NFAT Signaling in Macrophages.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2020Article
- Dilysine-Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI), a Urine Biomarker of MDI Exposure?Chemical research in toxicology · 2019Article
- LC-UV-MS and MS/MS Characterize Glutathione Reactivity with Different Isomers (2,2' and 2,4' vs. 4,4') of Methylene Diphenyl-Diisocyanate.EC pharmacology and toxicology · 2019Article
- Reaction products of hexamethylene diisocyanate vapors with "self" molecules in the airways of rabbits exposed via tracheostomy.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems · 2018Article
- The influence of diisocyanate antigen preparation methodology on monoclonal and serum antibody recognition.Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene · 2016Article
- Identification of novel reaction products of methylene-bis-phenylisocyanate ("MDI") with oxidized glutathione in aqueous solution and also during incubation of MDI with a murine hepatic S9 fraction.Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA · 2016Article
- In vitro cleavage of diisocyanate-glutathione conjugates by human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-1.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems · 2016Article
- Vitamin E effect in a rat model of toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma.Clujul medical (1957) · 2016Article
- Glutathione reaction products with a chemical allergen, methylene-diphenyl diisocyanate, stimulate alternative macrophage activation and eosinophilic airway inflammation.Chemical research in toxicology · 2015Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) is among the leading chemical causes of occupational asthma world-wide, however, the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis remain unclear. This study tests the hypothesis that glutathione (GSH) reacts with MDI to form quasi-stable conjugates, capable of mediating the formation of MDI-conjugated "self" protein antigens, which may participate in pathogenic inflammatory responses. To test this hypothesis, an occupationally relevant dose of MDI (0.1%w/v) was reacted with varying concentrations of GSH (10μM-10mM), and the reaction products were characterized with regard to mass/structure, and ability to carbamoylate human albumin, a major carrier protein for MDI in vivo. LC-MS/MS analysis of GSH-MDI reaction products identified products possessing the exact mass of previously described S-linked bis(GSH)-MDI and its partial hydrolysis product, as well as novel cyclized GSH-MDI structures. Upon co-incubation of GSH-MDI reaction products with human albumin, MDI was rapidly transferred to specific lysines of albumin, and the protein's native conformation/charge was altered, based on electrophoretic mobility. Three types of modification were observed, intra-molecular MDI cross-linking, addition of partially hydrolyzed MDI, and addition of "MDI-GSH", where MDI's 2nd NCO had reacted with GSH's "N-terminus". Importantly, human albumin carbamoylated by GSH-MDI was specifically recognized by serum IgG from MDI exposed workers, with binding dependent upon the starting GSH concentration, pH, and NaCl levels. Together, the data define a non-enzymatic, thiol-mediated transcarbamoylating mechanism by which GSH may promote immune responses to MDI exposure, and identify specific factors that might further modulate this process.
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Registered trials
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