Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23791814›Full record

ReviewMolecular and cellular endocrinology2014

The immune system and inflammation in breast cancer.

Xinguo Jiang, David J Shapiro

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 138 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
138citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

138 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 238 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Association of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with clinical outcomes in patients with triple-negative breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. IL-1β/IL-6 inflammatory crosstalk drives DNA methylation and histone remodeling associated with cytokine induced senescence in luminal breast cancer.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026
    Article
  5. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: current and emerging therapeutic strategies.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. RUNX1-deficiency drives immune-active ERbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
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78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Xinguo JiangDepartment of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System/Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: xinguoj@stanford.edu.
David J ShapiroDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Electronic address: djshapir@life.illinois.edu.
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · USVA Palo Alto Health Care System · US

Funding

Targeting Breast Cancer with Small Molecule Inhibitors of Estrogen ReceptorR01DK071909 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI SHAPIRO, DAVID J · 2005 to 2020
$4.3M
NIDDK NIH HHS DK 071909NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK071909
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During different stages of tumor development the immune system can either identify and destroy tumors, or promote their growth. Therapies targeting the immune system have emerged as a promising treatment modality for breast cancer, and immunotherapeutic strategies are being examined in preclinical and clinical models. However, our understanding of the complex interplay between cells of the immune system and breast cancer cells is incomplete. In this article, we review recent findings showing how the immune system plays dual host-protective and tumor-promoting roles in breast cancer initiation and progression. We then discuss estrogen receptor α (ERα)-dependent and ERα-independent mechanisms that shield breast cancers from immunosurveillance and enable breast cancer cells to evade immune cell induced apoptosis and produce an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Finally, we discuss protumorigenic inflammation that is induced during tumor progression and therapy, and how inflammation promotes more aggressive phenotypes in ERα positive breast cancers.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsCarcinogenesisFemaleHumansImmune EvasionImmune SystemInflammationTumor MicroenvironmentBreast cancerER-alphaImmunityImmunosurveillanceInflammation

Identifiers

PMID23791814
PMCPMC4919022
OpenAlexW2024203129

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.