ArticleAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology2013
Congenital cerebral palsy and prenatal exposure to self-reported maternal infections, fever, or smoking.
Article in American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy, Smoking Initiation, and the Risk of Epilepsy in the UK Biobank.Neuroepidemiology · 2026Article
- A sibling study of the prenatal and perinatal risks for cerebral palsy.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Beyond TORCH: A narrative review of the impact of antenatal and perinatal infections on the risk of disability.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Review
- Season of Conception and Risk of Cerebral Palsy.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Parental Age and Childhood Risk for Cerebral Palsy in California.The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Prevalence, Types, and Outcomes of Cerebral Palsy at a Tertiary Center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Cureus · 2022Article
- Comparative Analysis of the Quality of Life in Families with Children or Adolescents Having Congenital versus Acquired Neuropathology.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection: a possible risk for cerebral palsy and related to its clinical features, neuroimaging findings: a retrospective study.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
- Article
- Maternal smoking and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants <29 weeks gestation: a multicenter cohort study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2019Article
- The complex aetiology of cerebral palsy.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2018Review
- Parental socioeconomic status and risk of cerebral palsy in the child: evidence from two Nordic population-based cohorts.International journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Heat or Burn? Impacts of Intrauterine Tobacco Smoke and E-Cigarette Vapor Exposure on the Offspring's Health Outcome.Toxics · 2018Review
- Use of paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin in pregnancy and risk of cerebral palsy in the child.International journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Risk of childhood cerebral palsy following prenatal exposure to ß2-adrenergic receptor agonist: A nationwide cohort study.PloS one · 2018Article
- Maternal Cigarette Smoke Exposure Worsens Neurological Outcomes in Adolescent Offspring with Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2017Article
- Motor vehicle crashes during pregnancy and cerebral palsy during infancy: a longitudinal cohort analysis.BMJ open · 2016Article
- Maternal Infections During Pregnancy and Cerebral Palsy in the Child.Pediatric neurology · 2016Article
- Disproportionate fetal growth and the risk for congenital cerebral palsy in singleton births.PloS one · 2015Article
- Fault and blame, insults to the perinatal brain may be remote from time of birth.Clinics in perinatology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe objective of the study was to investigate the association between maternal self-reported infections, fever, and smoking in the prenatal period and the subsequent risk for congenital cerebral palsy (CP). STUDY
designWe included the 81,066 mothers of singletons born between 1996 and 2003 who participated in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Children were followed up through December 2008. Information on maternal infections, fever, smoking, and other demographic and lifestyle factors during pregnancy were reported by mothers in computer-assisted telephone interviews in early and midgestation. We identified 139 CP cases including 121 cases of spastic CP (sCP) as confirmed by the Danish National Cerebral Palsy Register. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsSelf-reported vaginal infections were associated with an increased risk of CP and sCP (aHR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.04-2.24; and aHR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.16-2.60, respectively) and particularly untreated vaginal infections were associated with an increased risk of sCP (aHR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.16-3.26). Fever was associated with the risk of CP (aHR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.06-2.21). Smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day during pregnancy was also associated with sCP (aHR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.10-2.94). There was a modest excess in risk for children exposed to both heavy smoking and vaginal infections. No other self-reported infections were significantly associated with CP.
conclusionSelf-reported vaginal infections, fever, and smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day during pregnancy were associated with a higher risk of overall CP and/or sCP.
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Registered trials
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