Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23791028›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2013

Measuring historical trauma in an American Indian community sample: contributions of substance dependence, affective disorder, conduct disorder and PTSD.

Cindy L Ehlers, Ian R Gizer, David A Gilder, Jarrod M Ellingson, Rachel Yehuda

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Trust in Healthcare Providers Among American Indians in the Midwest.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
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  15. Trauma and mental health in Pacific Islanders.The International journal of social psychiatry · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Cindy L EhlersMolecular and Cellular Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Electronic address: cindye@scripps.edu.
Ian R Gizer
David A Gilder
Jarrod M Ellingson
Rachel Yehuda
Scripps Research Institute · USUniversity of Missouri · USIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · US

Funding

Deep sequencing studies for cannabis and stimulant dependenceR01DA030976 · NIDA · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI EHLERS, CINDY L, GELERNTER, JOEL · 2010 to 2014
$16.5M
RISK FACTORS FOR ALCOHOLISM IN NATIVE AMERICANSR37AA010201 · NIAAA · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI EHLERS, CINDY L · 2007 to 2015
$7.0M
Alcohol and Adult Development: Understanding Etiology and ConsequencesK05AA017242 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA · PI SHER, KENNETH JAMES · 2007 to 2016
$2.1M
NIAAA NIH HHS 5R37 AA010201NIAAA NIH HHS K05 AA017242NIAAA NIH HHS R37 AA010201NIDA NIH HHS DA030976NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA030976
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe American Indian experience of historical trauma is thought of as both a source of intergenerational trauma responses as well as a potential causative factor for long-term distress and substance abuse among communities. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the extent to which the frequency of thoughts of historical loss and associated symptoms are influenced by: current traumatic events, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), cultural identification, percent Native American Heritage, substance dependence, affective/anxiety disorders, and conduct disorder/antisocial personality disorder (ASPD).

methodsParticipants were American Indians recruited from reservations that were assessed with the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA), The Historical Loss Scale and The Historical Loss Associated Symptoms Scale (to quantify frequency of thoughts and symptoms of historical loss) the Stressful-Life-Events Scale (to assess experiences of trauma) and the Orthogonal Cultural Identification Scale (OCIS).

resultsThree hundred and six (306) American Indian adults participated in the study. Over half of them indicated that they thought about historical losses at least occasionally, and that it caused them distress. Logistic regression revealed that significant increases in how often a person thought about historical losses were associated with: not being married, high degrees of Native Heritage, and high cultural identification. Additionally, anxiety/affective disorders and substance dependence were correlated with historical loss associated symptoms.

conclusionsIn this American Indian community, thoughts about historical losses and their associated symptomatology are common and the presence of these thoughts are associated with Native American Heritage, cultural identification, and substance dependence.

Indexed as

CultureLife Change EventsSocial IdentificationAdolescentAdultAgedConduct DisorderFemaleHumansIndians, North AmericanMaleMiddle AgedMood DisordersStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticSubstance-Related DisordersAmerican IndianHistorical traumaPTSDSubstance dependence

Identifiers

PMID23791028
PMCPMC3810370
OpenAlexW2065475038

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.